【摘要】 为了揭示飞灰掺量对材料关键性能与环境安全性的耦合作用机制，探寻满足工程性能与环境标准的最优掺量配比，为工业固废大规模资源化应用于矿山生态修复提供理论依据与技术路径。本研究以焚烧飞灰和燃煤电厂废渣（包括粉煤灰、煤渣和脱硫石膏）为主要原料，制备了适用于采空区回填的胶凝材料，并系统探讨了飞灰掺量对材料强度、标准稠度需水量、凝结时间及重金属浸出特性的影响。结果表明，随着飞灰掺量的增加，胶凝材料的标准稠度需水量和凝结时间显著增加，而抗压强度有所下降。当飞灰掺量不超过15%时，胶凝材料在28 d的抗压强度可达到4 MPa以上，符合采空区回填的力学要求。此外，飞灰的加入显著提升了胶凝材料对重金属（As、Pb、Ni、Cr）的固化效果，尤其是在28 d养护期后，重金属形态从易浸出的弱酸提取态逐渐转变为稳定的残渣态。然而，对Zn、Cd和Cu的固化效果相对较差，尤其是Cd的浸出风险较高。因此，通过合理控制飞灰掺量可在保证材料力学性能的同时，有效固化重金属，减少环境风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to systematically reveal the coupling mechanism of fly ash content on the key properties of materials and environmental safety, and to explore the optimal dosage ratio to meet the engineering performance and environmental standards, municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI) fly ash and coal-fired power plant waste(including fly ash, cinder and desulfurization gypsum) were used as the main raw materials to prepare cementitious materials suitable for backfilling goaf in this study. The effects of fly ash content on material strength, standard consistency water demand, setting time and heavy metal leaching characteristics were systematically discussed. The results showed that with the increase of fly ash content, the standard consistency water demand and setting time of cementitious materials increased significantly, while the compressive strength decreased. When the fly ash content did not exceed 15%, the compressive strength of the cementitious material at 28 d could reach more than 4 MPa, which met the mechanical requirements of goaf backfilling. In addition,the addition of fly ash significantly improved the solidification effect of cementitious materials on heavy metals(As, Pb, Ni, Cr). Especially after 28 d curing period, the form of heavy metals gradually changed from weak acid extractable state to stable residual state. However, the solidification effect on Zn, Cd and Cu was relatively poor,especially the leaching risk of Cd was higher. Therefore, reasonable control of fly ash content could effectively solidify heavy metals and reduce environmental risks while ensuring the mechanical properties of materials.更多还原