【摘要】 在全球应对气候变化的大背景下，碳足迹核算工具及其数字化平台的重要性日益凸显。本研究梳理了碳足迹的定义及分类，5种碳足迹计算方法的主要特点、优势与局限性，提出了针对不同用户的选择建议；探讨了信息技术在数字化平台的应用潜力，总结了碳足迹核算工具和平台发展过程中面临的主要挑战，提出了相关建议。自90年代碳足迹概念被提出开始，以生命周期分析（LCA）方法为核心理论基础，碳足迹核算工具经历了手动计算加电子表格、SimaPro等系统化软件加数据库、大数据和云技术支持下的平台化等主要发展阶段，自动化、标准化和国际化水平不断提高。当前，碳足迹核算工具依然面临国际标准本地化及标准覆盖面不足、使用成本高且操作复杂、数据获取困难且质量参差不齐、社会层面对碳足迹和碳减排认知不足等主要挑战。为此，建议在标准与规范层面进一步提高标准系统的本土化适应力和国际标准化接轨水平；在技术层面充分利用人工智能、大数据、物联网和区块链技术，建设本土化、标准化、可共享的数据库，开发易用且成本可控的核算工具，提升核算精确度和透明度；在社会认知层面通过教育、公共信息平台、社交媒体、企业激励和政策引导，提升社会共识度，推动碳足迹核算工具的更广泛化应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the global context of addressing climate change, the importance of carbon footprint accounting tools and digital platforms is increasingly evident. This paper outlines the definition and classification of carbon footprints, the main characteristics, advantages, and limitations of five calculation methods, and provides recommendations for different users. It explored the potential of information technologies in digital platforms and summarized the main challenges faced during the development of carbon footprint accounting tools and platforms, offering relevant suggestions. Since the 1990s, when the concept of carbon footprint was introduced,and based on lifecycle analysis(LCA) as the core theoretical basis, carbon footprint accounting tools have progressed through key stages such as manual calculations with spreadsheets, systematic software like SimaPro with databases, and platforms supported by big data and cloud technology, with increasing levels of automation,standardization, and internationalization. Currently, carbon footprint accounting tools facd major challenges,including the localization and insufficient coverage of international standards, high costs and complexity of use,difficulty in data acquisition and inconsistent quality, and insufficient social awareness of carbon footprints and emissions reduction. To address these issues, it was recommended to enhance the localization adaptability and alignment with international standards at the level of standards and norms; technically, to leverage artificial intelligence, big data, the Internet of Things, and blockchain to build localized, standardized, and shareable databases, develop user-friendly and cost-effective accounting tools, and improve accuracy and transparency.Socially, to enhance consensus through education, public information platforms, social media, corporate incentives, and policy guidance, thereby promoting broader application of carbon footprint accounting tools.更多还原