【摘要】 超级马氏体不锈钢因其高强度、高韧性和优异耐蚀性成为重大工程装备的关键材料，但传统制造技术难以满足大型复杂构件的高效定制需求。电弧增材制造凭借高沉积速率、低成本和近净成形等优势，为超级马氏体不锈钢大型构件制造提供了新途径。然而，电弧增材制造特有的多层热循环导致显微组织非均匀性演变和残余应力累积，直接影响构件性能均一性，限制其广泛应用。系统综述了电弧增材制造技术在超级马氏体不锈钢制备中的研究进展，重点讨论了电弧增材制造超级马氏体不锈钢的微观组织演变规律及对力学性能的影响，并论述了保护气体和夹杂物对力学性能的影响。此外，还探讨了热处理工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响机制。最后对未来电弧增材制备超级马氏体不锈钢构件的发展趋势和研究方向进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Super martensitic stainless steels(SMSS), valued for their high strength, high toughness, and excellent corrosion resistance, have become key materials for major engineering equipment. However, traditional manufacturing techniques struggle to meet the efficient customization demands for large-scale complex components. Wire arc additive manufacturing(WAAM), leveraging its advantages of high deposition rate, low cost, and near-net shaping, offers a novel pathway for fabricating large SMSS components. Nevertheless, the inherent multilayer thermal cycling of WAAM leads to inhomogeneous microstructure evolution and residual stress accumulation, directly affecting the performance uniformity of the components and limiting their widespread application. The research progress in WAAM technology for preparing SMSS is systematically reviewed. It focuses on discussing the microstructure evolution laws in WAAM-processed SMSS and the impact on mechanical properties, while also addressing the influence of shielding gas and inclusions on mechanical performance. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which heat treatment processes affect microstructure and mechanical properties are explored. Finally, future development trends and research directions for WAAM-fabricated SMSS components are outlined.更多还原