【摘要】 形状记忆合金（SMAs）基于有序相的热弹性马氏体相变，可以在外部能场（应力场、温度场或磁场等）激励下自发实现原始形状的可逆变形，是一种集感知与驱动一体化的先进智能材料。利用激光粉末床熔融技术（LPBF）制备形状记忆合金等智能材料，将时间维度引入到增材制造，从而实现在外部激励下对增材构件的形状、性能和功能的可控调节，被称为4D打印，是目前形状记忆合金领域的研究热点之一。对近年来国内外激光粉末床熔融成形记忆合金的研究进展进行了介绍，重点对NiTi基合金和Cu基合金的LPBF成形研究、性能研究和功能研究成果进行了分析，提出下一步应开展LPBF形状记忆合金在各种复杂环境中的性能和功能研究，并深入探究其功能稳定性，推动LPBF形状记忆合金的工程应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shape memory alloys(SMAs) are based on the thermoelastic martensitic transformation of an ordered phase, which can spontaneously achieve reversible deformation of the original shape upon exposure to external energy fields such as stress, temperature, or magnetic fields. These alloys are advanced intelligent materials that integrate sensing and actuation functionalities.The use of laser powder bed fusion(LPBF) technology to fabricate smart materials such as shape memory alloys introduces the time dimension into additive manufacturing, enabling controllable adjustment of the geometry, performance, and functionality of printed components under external excitation. This concept is known as 4D printing and has become one of the key research hotspots in the field of shape memory alloys. This article reviews recent domestic and international progress on shape memory alloys fabricated by LPBF technology, with particular emphasis on NiTi-based and Cu-based SMAs, including their formability, performance, and functional characteristics. It is recommended that future research focus on evaluating the performance and functional behavior of LPBF-derived shape memory alloys under complex environmental conditions, with an emphasis on enhancing their functional stability to accelerate practical engineering applications.更多还原