【摘要】 综述了涉及冶金反应的碱性药皮组成物与焊缝金属扩散氢的关系。结果表明，在碱性焊条药皮中添加含CaCO₃的碳酸盐、氟化物（如CaF₂、NaF），以及其他高温可分解为氧化物的添加物，在电弧中进行的脱氢冶金反应，降低了弧气中的氢分压P_H2，有利焊缝中氢含量的降低。脱氢效果较好的药皮组成物及其加入量分别为：方解石（CaCO₃） 18%、萤石22%、氟化钠8.9%、SiO₂13.1%、氟钛酸钾（K₂TiF₆） 2.1%以及云母氧化铁（Fe₂O₃） 16.3%。随药皮组成物加入量的增加，焊缝中扩散氢含量的变化各异，但存在一个扩散氢含量下降区域。基于冶金反应的焊缝金属扩散氢的控制原理，其实质是降低电弧中的氢分压P_H2；在添加脱氢组成物时，尚须兼顾焊条的工艺性和熔敷金属的力学性能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between the basic coating composition involved in the metallurgical reaction and hydrogen diffusion in the weld metal was reviewed.The results show that the dehydrogenation metallurgical reaction in the arc by adding carbonate containing CaCO₃,fluoride （such as CaF₂,NaF） and other additives which can be decomposed into oxides at high temperature in the coating of the basic electrode reduces the hydrogen partial pressure P_H2 in the arc atmosphere,which is beneficial to the reduction of hydrogen content in the weld metal.The composition of the coating with the good dehydrogenation effect and its addition amount are respectively:calcite （CaCO₃） 18%,fluorite 22%,sodium fluoride 8.9%,SiO₂13.1%,potassium fluotitanate （K₂TiF₆） 2.1%,and micaceous iron oxide （Fe₂O₃） 16.3%.With the great increase of the coating composition,the diffused hydrogen content in the weld has the different changes,but there is a region where the diffusion hydrogen content decreases.The control principle of the hydrogen diffusion in the weld metal based on metallurgical reactions is essentially to reduce the hydrogen partial pressure P_H2 in the arc.When adding the dehydrogenation components,it is also necessary to consider the usability of the electrode and the mechanical properties of the deposited metal.更多还原