【摘要】 电石渣是电石法生产乙炔过程中产生的副产品，属于Ⅱ级工业固废，其主要成分是Ca（OH）₂,实现电石渣的高值化、规模化、集约化利用，对于节约资源和保护环境具有重要意义。本文采用一步相转移-碳化法，以工业电石渣为原料制备纳米碳酸钙，以Ca²⁺相转移率为考察指标，开展了单因素条件试验和正交试验，采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FE-SEM）、场发射透射电子显微镜（FE-TEM）等手段对样品形貌和结构进行表征分析。结果表明：适宜的相转移反应工艺条件为相转移剂摩尔比4∶3、反应温度3℃、反应时间20 min、搅拌速率200 r/min,此条件下Ca²⁺相转移率达91.97%;经筛选确定DG₂为较适宜的晶型控制剂，较优的碳化工艺条件为碳化温度10℃、CO₂流速0.3 L/min、晶型控制剂添加量3%,此条件下制备的样品为纯相方解石晶型纳米碳酸钙，粒径为30 nm,粒度分布均匀；相转移剂中Y^3-通过络合形成的空间位阻及在CaCO₃晶体表面的吸附，会影响CaCO₃粒子的长大；晶型控制剂DG₂可在高浓度Y^3-影响下，与Ca²⁺螯合形成稳定的环状络合物，并通过在碳酸钙晶体表面的吸附作用，共同促进纳米碳酸钙的形成。研究成果可为工业电石渣综合利用研究提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Calcium carbide slag is a by-product generated during the production of acetylene by calcium carbide method, belonging to grade II industrial solid waste. Its main component is Ca（OH）₂. The high-value, large-scale, and intensive utilization of calcium carbide slag is of great significance for resource conservation and environmental protection. This article adopts a one-step phase transfer carbonization method to prepare nano calcium carbonate from industrial carbide slag. The Ca²⁺ phase transfer rate is used as the evaluation index, and single factor condition experiments and orthogonal experiments are carried out. X-ray diffraction（XRD）, field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM）, field emission transmission electron microscopy（FE-TEM） and other methods are used to characte-rize and analyze the morphology and structure of the samples. The results show that the suitable phase transfer reaction conditions are a phase transfer agent molar ratio of 4∶3, a reaction temperature of 3 ℃, a reaction time of 20 min, and a stirring rate of 200 r/min. Under these conditions, the Ca²⁺phase transfer rate reach 91.97%; After screening, DG₂ is determined to be a suitable crystal form control agent. The suitable carbonization process conditions are carbonization temperature of 10 ℃, CO₂ flow rate of 0.3 L/min, and crystal form control agent addition of 3%. The sample prepared under these conditions is pure phase calcite crystal nano calcium carbonate with a particle size of 30 nm and uniform particle size distribution; The steric hindrance formed by the complexation of Y^3- in the phase transfer agent and its adsorption on the surface of CaCO₃ crystals can affect the growth of CaCO₃ particles; The crystal form control agent DG₂ can chelate with Ca²⁺to form stable cyclic complexes under the influence of high concentration Y^3-, and jointly promote the formation of nano CaCO₃ through adsorption on the surface of calcium carbonate crystals. The research results can provide new ideas for the comprehensive utilization of industrial carbide slag.更多还原