【摘要】 低频自噪声过高严重制约了矢量传感器在目标探测领域优势的发挥。为解决这一问题，本文建立了包含压电加速度计和前置放大电路的最小系统噪声分析模型，分析了加速度计及其匹配电路的噪声贡献机制，探讨了压电材料特性、声压灵敏度和电容量等参数对噪声性能的影响规律，据此提出了矢量传感器系统的低噪声设计原则，并研制了基于弛豫铁电单晶的低噪声矢量传感器样机。测试结果表明：样机在100 Hz频点的等效噪声声压级为40.7 dB,较传统压电陶瓷样机降低11.7 dB,与预测值一致；自噪声在20 Hz以上频段全面低于Knudsen SS0,在100 Hz以上进一步低于Wenz’s SS0,验证了低噪声设计方法的有效性。研究成果为矢量传感器在低频弱信号探测领域的工程应用提供了有力的理论依据和技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Excessive low-frequency self-noise remains the primary bottleneck limiting vector sensor performance in target detection applications. To address this issue, a minimum system noise analysis model incorporating a piezoelectric accelerometer and a preamplifier circuit was established, and the noise contribution mechanisms of both the accelerometer and the coupling circuit were analyzed. The effects of piezoelectric material properties, acoustic pressure sensitivity, and capacitance on noise performance were further investigated. Based on these findings, design principles for low-noise vector sensor systems were proposed, and a prototype based on a relaxor ferroelectric single crystal was developed. Test results indicated that the equivalent noise pressure level at 100 Hz reached 40.7 dB, representing an 11.7 dB reduction compared with a conventional piezoelectric ceramic prototype, and showed good agreement with predicted values. The self-noise remained below Knudsen SS0 across the frequency band above 20 Hz and further below Wenz’s SS0 above 100 Hz, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed low-noise design method. These results provide both theoretical and technical support for the engineering application of vector sensors in low-frequency weak signal detection.更多还原