【摘要】 轨道车辆振动性能是保障列车运行安全、提升乘坐舒适性和延长部件寿命的关键因素。随着高速铁路和城市轨道交通的快速发展，列车运行速度持续提升、线路环境日益复杂，加之智能化运维需求的增长，振动性能维护技术面临新的挑战与机遇。从轨道车辆振动性能评估标准、车辆振动性能设计与优化、车辆振动性能运维与保障、振动性能退化预测与剩余寿命评估技术进展5个方面系统综述了该领域的最新研究进展与未来发展趋势。研究显示，未来振动性能维护将更加注重预防性策略，通过模型预测和大数据分析实现故障预警和主动干预，从而构建更安全、更智能、更经济、更高效的轨道交通安全保障体系，不仅将提升运营可靠性，还将为轨道交通的可持续发展提供重要支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vibration performance of rail vehicles is a crucial factor in ensuring operational safety, enhancing ride comfort, and prolonging component service life. With the rapid development of high-speed railways and urban rail transit systems, continuous increases in train speeds, increasingly complex track environments, and growing demands for intelligent maintenance have brought both challenges and opportunities to vibration performance maintenance technologies. This paper systematically reviewed the latest research progress and future development trends in this field from five key perspectives: vibration performance evaluation standards, vibration performance design and optimization, vibration performance operation and maintenance, vibration performance degradation prediction, and technological advances in remaining useful life assessment. The study indicates that future vibration performance maintenance will place greater emphasis on preventive strategies. Through model prediction and big data analytics, it will achieve fault early warning and proactive intervention, thereby establishing a safer, smarter, more economical, and more efficient safety assurance system for rail transit. This approach will not only improve operational reliability but also provide significant support for the sustainable development of rail transportation systems.更多还原