【摘要】 为改善树脂基泡沫炭复合材料的性能，以酚醛/环氧二元树脂基体为碳源，空心微球为闭孔相，引入石墨烯/SiO₂气凝胶多尺度相，制备了微纳多尺度增强泡沫炭复合材料。采用扫描电镜、万能试验机和矢量网络分析仪等，研究了多尺度相对泡沫炭复合材料的微观结构、力学性能及电磁屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明，多尺度相的引入保持了泡沫炭的闭孔结构，同时有效改善了其压缩性能与电磁屏蔽效能。当SiO₂气凝胶质量分数为6%时，泡沫炭复合材料的压缩强度最大（18.6 MPa），比改性前提高了16.25%。泡沫炭复合材料的电磁屏蔽机制以反射为主，含质量分数6%气凝胶的泡沫炭复合材料的电磁屏蔽效果最优，在X波段平均SE_T为62.1 dB，较改性前提高了19.9%。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to improve the properties of resin-based carbon foam composites, the carbon foams composites containing micro/nano multiscale synergistical reinforcement were developed, using phenolic/epoxy binary resin matrix as the carbon source, hollow microspheres as closed-cell phase, and graphene/SiO₂aerogel multiscale phase as reinforcement. A scanning electron microscope, a universal tester and a vector network analyzer have been employed to investigate the effect of the multiscale phase on the microstructure,mechanical property, and electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the carbon foams. The results show that the introduction of multiscale phase maintains the closed-cell structure of carbon foam, while effectively improving its compression performance and electromagnetic shielding efficiency. When the mass fraction of SiO₂aerogel is 6%, the compressive strength of the carbon foam composites is the maximum（18.6 MPa）,which is 16.25% higher than that of unmodified one. Reflection is the main electromagnetic shielding mechanism. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of carbon foam composites containing 6% aerogel by mass fraction is the best, with an average SE_Tof 62.1 dB in the X-band, which is 19.9% higher than that of unmodified one.更多还原