【摘要】 以西南麦区36个小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种（系）为研究对象，采用大田试验，研究不施氮（N0）和正常施氮（N1，纯氮用量135 kg/hm~2）2种氮水平下小麦主要农艺性状、产量及叶片SPAD值之间的差异，以期为小麦氮高效育种提供参考依据。根据子粒产量，通过聚类分析将品种分为高产型、中产型和低产型3个类型，高产型小麦品种（系）平均产量为7 334.60 kg/hm~2，是低产品种（系）的1.70倍、中产品种（系）的1.27倍。基于2个施氮水平下的产量差异将不同小麦品种（系）划分为4类，即双高效型、低氮高效型、高氮高效型和双低效型，其中10个品种（系）为双高效型，6个品种（系）为高氮高效型，7个品种（系）为低氮高效型，13个品种（系）为双低效型；4种氮效率类型间平均产量差异显著，表现为双高效型>高氮高效型>低氮高效型>双低效型，但是穗粒数、叶长、穗长、株高四者之间差异不显著。云麦83、云麦80、川麦1648、云麦56、川麦84和云麦68这6个品种不仅是氮素双高效型品种，而且是高产型品种，因此，该类品种可作为氮高效小麦种质资源进行育种利用。更多还原

【Abstract】 A field experiment was conducted to study the differences of main agronomic traits,yield and SPAD value of 36 wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)varieties(lines)from Southwest Wheat Region under two nitrogen levels of no nitrogen application(N0)and normal nitrogen application(N1,pure nitrogen application rate of 135 kg/hm~2),in order to provide reference for nitrogen-efficient wheat breeding. Based on the grain yield,the varieties(lines)were divided into three types:high yield type,middle yield type and low yield type. The average yield of high yield type was 7 334.60 kg/hm~2,which was 1.70 times that of low yield type and 1.27 times that of the middle yield type. Based on yield differences under two nitrogen application levels,the wheat varieties(lines)were classified into four categories:dual-efficient type,low-N-efficient type,high-N-efficient type,and dual-inefficient type. Among them,10 varieties(lines)were dual-efficient type,6 varieties(lines)were high-N-efficient type,7 varieties(lines)were low-N-efficient type,and 13 varieties(lines)were dual-inefficient type. The average yield showed significant differences among the four nitrogen efficiency types,following the order of dual-efficient type,high-N-efficient type,low-N-efficient type and dual-inefficient type from high to low. However,no significant differences were observed in spikelet number,leaf length,spike length,and plant height among these four types. Yunmai 83,Yunmai 80,Chuanmai 1648,Yunmai 56,Chuanmai 84,and Yunmai 68 were not only dual-N-efficiency varieties(lines),but also high yield varieties(lines). Consequently,these varieties could serve as nitrogen-efficient wheat germplasm resources for breeding applications.更多还原