【摘要】 以羽色表型特征显著的成年藏公鸡（藏黑色、藏花色和藏灰色）为研究对象，开展黑素皮质素受体1(MC1R)基因编码区遗传变异位点筛查、基因型-表型关联性分析。结果表明，在藏公鸡MC1R基因编码区发现了10个SNPs位点，其中同义突变2处，位于69 bp(C/T)和636 bp(A/G)位点，非同义突变8处，位于178 bp(A/G)、212 bp(C/T)、213 bp(A/G)、274 bp(A/G)、376 bp(A/G)、398 bp(C/T)、427 bp(A/G)、637 bp(C/T)位点。基因型分布显示，藏黑色公鸡全部表现为AA基因型（100.00%），藏灰色公鸡中AA基因型占比60.00%，而藏花色公鸡则以AG基因型为主（80.00%），表明A等位基因可能与黑羽表型的形成相关。基于10个SNPs位点构建了13个单倍型，单倍型Hap＿2、Hap＿10和Hap＿13在藏花色公鸡中呈现独享现象。根据卡方独立性检验结果发现，69 bp(C/T)、274 bp(A/G)位点的基因型均与羽色表型呈极显著关联性（P<0.001），表明这2个位点可能是调控藏公鸡羽色变异的关键遗传标记。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adult Tibetan roosters with distinct plumage color phenotypes(Tibetan black,Tibetan variegated,and Tibetan gray)were selected to screen genetic variation sites in the coding region of the melanocortin 1 receptor(MC1R)gene and analyze genotype-phenotype correlations. The results showed that 10 SNPs were identified in the coding region of the MC1R gene in Tibetan roosters,including 2 synonymous mutations at 69 bp(C/T)and 636 bp(A/G),and 8 non-synonymous mutations at 178 bp(A/G),212 bp(C/T),213 bp(A/G),274 bp(A/G),376 bp(A/G),398 bp(C/T),427 bp(A/G),and 637 bp(C/T). Genotype distribution revealed that all Tibetan black roosters exhibited the AA genotype(100.00%),60.00% of Tibetan gray roosters carried the AA genotype,while Tibetan variegated roosters predominantly had the AG genotype(80.00%),suggesting that the A allele might be associated with the formation of the black plumage phenotype. Thirteen haplotypes were constructed based on the 10 SNPs,with haplotypes Hap＿2,Hap＿10,and Hap＿13 exclusively observed in Tibetan variegated roosters. Chi-square independence tests indicated that genotypes at 69 bp(C/T)and 274 bp(A/G)were significantly associated with plumage color phenotypes(P<0.001),suggesting these two loci might serve as key genetic markers regulating plumage color variation in Tibetan roosters.更多还原