【摘要】 旨在评估黄淮麦区20个推广小麦品种在自然老化条件下的耐贮性，并对其进行分类，以期为耐贮性小麦品种的培育与筛选提供理论依据。试验设置了12,24个月的自然老化处理，以收获后3个月的种子为对照，测定种子活力、种皮特性(颜色和细胞膜完整性)及生理生化指标(可溶性糖、谷蛋白、淀粉含量、抗氧化酶活性和丙二醛含量)的变化。结果表明，随着老化时间的延长，所有品种的种子活力均显著下降，发芽率和发芽势在12个月后分别下降2.17～10.79百分点和2.80～23.39百分点，24个月后下降幅度进一步加大至15.95～25.88百分点和14.93～41.44百分点。种皮颜色的色调、饱和度和强度均下降，而电导率上升，表明种皮细胞膜逐渐破损。生理生化指标中，除丙二醛外，可溶性糖、蛋白质、淀粉含量及抗氧化酶活性均呈下降趋势，24个月老化后的下降幅度大于12个月，其中总淀粉含量下降最为显著，12,24个月后分别下降6.43～32.13百分点和21.02～44.95百分点。基于发芽率、种皮颜色、电导率、可溶性糖和抗氧化酶活性等指标，将20个小麦品种分为耐贮型、中等耐贮型和不耐贮型，其中安农0711、洛旱19和新麦26表现出较强的耐贮性。研究结果为耐贮性小麦品种的选育提供了亲本材料、评价指标和理论参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 It aims to evaluate the storage tolerance of 20 popular wheat varieties from the Huang-Huai wheat region under natural aging conditions and classify them, thereby providing a theoretical basis for the breeding and selection of storage-tolerant wheat varieties.The experiment involved natural aging treatments of 12 and 24 months, with seeds harvested 3 months prior serving as the control.Measurements included seed vigor, seed coat characteristics(color and cell membrane integrity),and physiological and biochemical indicators(soluble sugar, gluten protein, starch content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and malondialdehyde content).The results indicated that as aging time increased, seed vigor of all varieties significantly declined.Germination rate and germination potential decreased by 2.17—10.79 percentage points and 2.80—23.39 percentage points, respectively, after 12 months, and further declined by 15.95—25.88 percentage points and 14.93—41.44 percentage points after 24 months.The hue, saturation, and intensity of seed coat color decreased, while electrical conductivity increased, indicating gradual damage to the seed coat cell membrane.Among the physiological and biochemical indicators, except for malondialdehyde, soluble sugar, protein, starch content, and antioxidant enzyme activity all showed a declining trend, with greater declines observed after 24 months compared to 12 months.Total starch content exhibited the most significant decrease, declining by 6.43—32.13 percentage points and 21.02—44.95 percentage points after 12 and 24 months, respectively.Based on indicators such as germination rate, seed coat color, electrical conductivity, soluble sugar, and antioxidant enzyme activity, the 20 wheat varieties were classified into storage-tolerant, moderately storage-tolerant, and non-storage-tolerant types.Among them, Annong 0711,Luohan 19,and Xinmai 26 demonstrated strong storage tolerance.The findings provide parental materials, evaluation criteria, and theoretical references for the breeding of storage-tolerant wheat varieties.更多还原