【摘要】 为研究不同栽培配方对黑木耳生长的影响，同时筛选适宜贵州铜仁地区栽培的优质高产黑木耳品种，以当地黑木耳主栽品种青皮为对照，对黑威15号和吉黑5号进行系统比较，试验采用5种不同配方的栽培料（木屑69%～74%，玉米芯4%～9%，麸皮20%，石膏粉和石灰各1%），通过测定菌丝生长动力学参数、生物转化率等指标，综合评价各品种的适应性。结果表明，在母种阶段，青皮菌丝长势最为旺盛（满管时间为7 d），黑威15号次之（8 d），吉黑5号表现最弱（10 d）。原种培养阶段，黑威15号和青皮在配方5（木屑69%+玉米芯9%）下菌丝生长速率较快（分别为0.34 cm/d和0.30 cm/d），而吉黑5号在配方4（木屑70%+玉米芯8%）表现最佳。产量分析显示，黑威15号在配方5下的生物转化率显著高于其他处理。综合评估表明，黑威15号在铜仁地区表现出显著的引种优势，其最佳栽培配方为木屑69%、玉米芯9%、麸皮20%、石膏粉1%、石灰1%（质量比计）。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the effects of different cultivation formulas on the growth of Auricularia heimuer and screen high quality and high yield strains suitable for cultivation in the Tongren region of Guizhou Province, a systematic comparison was conducted between the strains Heiwei15 and Jihei5, with the local mainstream cultivar Qingpi as the control. Five cultivation formulas with varying compositions(sawdust 69%-74%, corn cob 4%-9%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum powder and lime 1% each) were tested. The adaptability of each strain was comprehensively evaluated by measuring mycelial growth dynamics parameters and biological efficiency. The results showed that at the mother culture stage, Qingpi exhibited the most vigorous mycelial growth(test tube fully colonized in 7 days), followed by Heiwei15(8 days), while Jihei5 performed the weakest(10 days). During the spawn culture stage, Heiwei15 and Qingpi demonstrated faster mycelial growth rates(0.34 cm/d and 0.30 cm/d, respectively) under Formula 5(sawdust 69% + corn cob 9%), while Jihei5 performed best under Formula 4(sawdust 70% + corn cob 8%). Yield analysis revealed that the biological efficiency of Heiwei15 under formula 5 was significantly higher than that of other treatments. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that Heiwei15 exhibited significant introduction advantages in the Tongren region, with the optimal cultivation formula being sawdust 69%, corn cob 9%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum powder 1%, and lime 1%(by mass ratio).更多还原