【摘要】 多孔碳因比表面积大、形貌多样等优势，为离子传输和活性位点的建立提供了更高的效率和更多的可能性，不仅是诸多储能和能量转换技术的核心，还展现出作为超级电容器电极材料的巨大潜力。在此背景下，熔盐法合成的多孔碳材料以孔状结构可调节、物理化学性质稳定和表面活性位点丰富等突出特点，在超级电容器领域占据重要应用地位。熔盐法具有原料可循环、环境友好、高碳收率、可操作性强等优势，契合绿色制备理念。本文系统阐述了熔盐法制备多孔碳材料的反应机理和最新研究进展，详细介绍了熔盐作为模板剂、密封剂、反应介质和催化剂的4类核心作用，深入分析了所获碳材料的形态、结构特性和电容性能，总结了熔盐法制备碳材料的研究现状，并展望了其面临的挑战与发展机遇。更多还原

【Abstract】 Porous carbon materials endowed with advantages including a large specific surface area and diverse morphologies, facilitate higher efficiency and more possibilities for ion transport and the establishment of active sites. They not only serve as the core of numerous energy storage and energy conversion technologies, but also demonstrate great potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Against this backdrop, porous carbon materials synthesized by the molten salt method occupy a crucial application position in the supercapacitor field, owing to their prominent features: tunable pore structures, stable physicochemical properties and abundant surface active sites. The molten salt method exhibits advantages such as recyclable raw materials, environmental friendliness, high carbon yield, and strong operability, which aligns with the concept of green synthesis. The reaction mechanism and latest research progress on porous carbon materials prepared via the molten salt method were elaborated on, the four core functions of molten salt(as a template agent, sealing agent, reaction medium, and catalyst) were studied in detail, the morphology, structural characteristics, and capacitive performance of the obtained carbon materials were analyzed in depth, the current research status of carbon materials prepared by the molten salt method was summarized, and the challenges and development opportunities ahead were put forward.更多还原