【摘要】 土地利用类型变化通过改变地表-大气相互作用对区域气候产生影响，了解土地利用类型变化对区域气候的影响有助于未来土地利用规划和制定区域政策，特别是生态环境极端脆弱敏感的干旱半干旱地区。车尔臣河流域位于塔克拉玛干沙漠（TD）东缘，是保护且末县不被塔克拉玛干沙漠吞噬的唯一防线。近20年来，人为活动使当地植被增加、水体面积扩大，但这种变化对区域气候的影响尚不清楚。利用WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式，分别使用2001年和2021年的MODIS MCD12Q1 6.1（MCD12Q1）版本全球土地利用类型数据集，设置对照实验研究车尔臣河流域土地利用类型变化对2021年7月区域气候的影响。结果表明：车尔臣河流域水体和绿地增加使地表蒸散总值增加了2.95 mm，地面2 m比湿均值增加了2×10^-4 kg·kg^-1；水汽的增加使流域南部山坡区域降水增加，流域北部受反气旋性气流控制，降水没有明显变化；地表绿化和水体增加导致的降水量增加不能补充地表蒸散增加损失的水分。台特玛湖面积恢复区域气温显著降低，平均最高温和最低温分别降低1.8℃和1.3℃；台特玛湖以外的区域，地表植被的增加通过调节蒸散、地表反照率和大气长波辐射等多种途径影响气温，使流域北部最高温升高、最低温降低，流域南部最高温降低、最低温升高；总体而言，地表反照率减小造成的地面净辐射增加起主导作用，净辐射平均增加7.35 W·m^-2，地面平均气温升高0.21℃。车尔臣河流域水体和绿地增加区域向塔克拉玛干沙漠（TD）地区输送了部分水汽，使TD地区5 km以下水汽含量增加，通过调节辐射使TD地区温度升高，其中，大气逆辐射的增加占主导作用，使区域平均气温升高0.3℃；在反气旋性气流控制下，TD地区降水基本没有变化。更多还原

【Abstract】 The impact of land-use type change on regional climate through alterations in surface-atmosphere interactions, understanding the effects of land use change on regional climate is essential for informing future land use planning and policy decisions, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where the ecological environment is highly vulnerable and sensitive. Situated on the eastern edge of the Taklamakan Desert, the Cherchen River Basin serves as the only barrier protecting the surrounding county from being overtaken by the advancing desert.Over the past 20 years, human activities have led to an increase in local vegetation and expanded water bodies.However, the effects of these changes on the regional climate remain unclear. Using the WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting） model, MODIS MCD12Q1 6. 1（MCD12Q1） global land use type dataset from 2001 and 2021 were employed to analyze how land use changes impacted the regional climate in July 2021 in the Cherchen River Basin. The results indicate that the increase in water bodies and green spaces in the Cherchen River Basin has led to rise in surface evapotranspiration of 2. 95 mm. Additionally, the specific humidity at 2 meters above the surface increased by 2×10-4 kg·kg^-1. This rise in water vapor enhanced precipitation in the southern region of the basin. However, in the northern part, precipitation remained relatively unchanged due to the influence of anticyclonic airflow. Moreover, the additional precipitation resulting from land greening and increased water bodies was insufficient to compensate for the water lost through evapotranspiration. In essence, while local hydrological conditions improved with the expansion of green areas and water bodies, this did not fully offset the losses incurred through evaporation processes. The temperature in the recovery area of Lake Taitema was significantly reduced, the average maximum and minimum temperatures decreased by 1. 8 °C and 1. 3 °C. In areas outside Lake Taitema, the increase in surface vegetation influences temperature by regulating evapotranspiration, surface albedo, and atmospheric longwave radiation. This effect results in higher maximum temperatures and lower minimum temperatures in the northern part of the basin, while both maximum and minimum temperatures decline in the southern part. Overall, the increase in surface net radiation, driven by a reduction in surface albedo, was the predominant factor, contributing to an average increase of 7. 35 W·m^-2 and a corresponding rise of 0. 21 °C in average surface temperature. The increased water bodies and green spaces in the Cherchen River Basin have facilitated the transport of water vapor to the Taklamakan Desert（TD） area. This influx has heightened the water vapor content below 5 km in the TD, leading to temperature increases in that region through the regulation of radiative processes. The increase in atmospheric infrared radiation was the primary factor, resulting in a regional average temperature rise of 0. 3 °C. Meanwhile, precipitation levels remained largely unchanged due to the prevailing anticyclonic airflow.更多还原