【摘要】 随着全球气候变暖的加剧,准确监测全球大气二氧化碳（CO₂）含量成为研究全球碳收支与应对气候变化的重要任务之一。积分路径差分吸收（IPDA）激光雷达因其具有精度高、昼夜观测、受云和气溶胶影响小的特性,在全球CO₂探测方面展现出独特的优势。介绍大气环境监测卫星（DQ-1）上搭载的IPDA激光雷达的系统参数和技术指标,综述DQ-1在反演算法改进、点源排放定量化、城市面源监测及云回波数据利用方面的最新研究成果,展望其在未来的发展趋势及应用潜力,为星载激光雷达后续对全球碳监测体系的建设与在其中的应用研究提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Carbon dioxide（CO₂） is one of the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and its concentration is closely linked to global climate change. Since the industrial revolution, the extensive combustion of fossil fuels and changes in land use have led to a continuous rise in atmospheric CO₂ levels, triggering a series of environmental issues such as global warming, increased frequency of extreme weather events, glacier retreat, and sea-level rise. CO₂ plays a critical role in radiative forcing within the climate system and profoundly influences the balance of the carbon cycle, ecosystem stability, and the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, comprehensive research on the observation, simulation, and underlying mechanisms of CO₂ dynamics is a central component of global climate change studies. With the global push for carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, there is an urgent demand from both the scientific community and policymakers for high-precision, high-resolution CO₂ observations to evaluate carbon source-sink patterns, verify emission reduction outcomes, and improve climate models. Therefore, achieving high-precision CO₂ observations has become particularly important.Progress The integral path differential absorption（IPDA） lidar technology has unique advantages in global CO₂ monitoring, making it an important tool in climate change research. Unlike passive remote sensing technologies that rely on sunlight, IPDA lidar uses its own laser pulses as the light source, enabling high-precision observations in all weather conditions and at any time, making it particularly suitable for nighttime and high-latitude gas monitoring. This allows IPDA technology to overcome limitations of passive remote sensing in these conditions. Furthermore, IPDA is less affected by cloud cover and aerosols, showing strong resistance to interference, and can still provide reliable measurement data under complex meteorological conditions.The principle of IPDA is based on measuring the absorption characteristics of gas molecules to laser signals, allowing precise inversion of gas concentrations by analyzing the attenuation of the laser signal as it passes through the atmosphere. This technology offers high spatial resolution and large coverage, making it particularly suitable for satellite platforms, enabling global CO₂ monitoring. IPDA also has a high signal-to-noise ratio, allowing it to maintain high precision in longrange detection, significantly improving measurement accuracy.China has made significant progress in this field, successfully developing lidar systems based on IPDA technology. In 2022, China successfully launched the atmospheric environment monitoring satellite（DQ-1）, marking an important step for China in global CO₂ monitoring technology.Conclusions and Prospects The DQ-1 satellite offers significant promise for enhancing global CO₂ monitoring capabilities. Trends indicate the integration of artificial intelligence with satellite data to improve carbon flux detection. Ongoing advancements in active remote sensing technology, along with improvements in data processing and fusion techniques, will enhance the accuracy and spatial resolution of CO₂ observations. These developments will drive progress in global carbon monitoring, enabling more precise tracking of emissions and supporting efforts to mitigate climate change.更多还原