【摘要】 傅里叶变换光谱技术基于干涉调制原理，具有多通道、高通量、波数精度高、杂散光影响小、自由光谱范围宽、光谱分辨率高、信噪比高等一系列优点，在物理、化学、生物、医学、环境、材料等领域具有十分广泛的应用。本文首先根据干涉调制的类型，对Michelson干涉结构、Mach-Zehnder干涉结构以及Sagnac干涉结构的系统光路形式与调制干涉原理进行介绍；然后按照干涉图像的数据采集模式，对具有成像功能的时间调制、空间调制以及时空联合调制三种傅里叶变换光谱成像技术的干涉成像光学原理和干涉图像数据结构进行阐述，并综述了国内外傅里叶变换光谱成像技术研究的历史背景与研究现状，对每种类型的代表性研究成果进行了介绍；最后对各类傅里叶变换光谱成像技术的优点和局限性进行了分析，并对未来发展趋势进行展望，进而对实际具体应用任务中傅里叶变换光谱成像技术的合理选型与设计起到一定的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Spectral imaging technology seamlessly integrates imaging and spectroscopy, two pivotal optical measurement techniques, enabling the capture of scene and target information across a broad spectral range. By leveraging the spectral dimension, it provides insights into the material structure and chemical composition of observed targets.Imaging spectroscopy generates a three-dimensional dataset, combining two-dimensional spatial data with one-dimensional spectral data. This approach not only captures the spatial characteristics of targets but also performs continuous spectral analysis for each resolvable spatial pixel. The integration of imaging and spectroscopy facilitates a higher-dimensional representation of target features, offering a robust and scientifically comprehensive foundation for precise detection,accurate identification, and reliable verification of targets. Consequently, it holds significant application potential in domains such as space exploration, aerial remote sensing, astronomical observation, environmental monitoring, and resource surveying. Advanced spectral techniques form the foundation of imaging spectroscopy, with Fourier transform spectroscopy(FTS) standing out due to its inherent advantages, including multi-channel detection(Fellgett advantage),high throughput(Jacquinot advantage), and high wavenumber precision(Connes advantage). In addition, FTS excels in performance characteristics such as minimal stray light interference, broad free spectral range, high spectral resolution,and high signal-to-noise ratio. Since its inception, FTS has attracted substantial research interest and has become a critical tool for structural analysis and molecular characterization in fields like physics, chemistry, biology, medicine,environmental science, and materials science.Progress We begin by detailing the optical path configurations and modulation principles of Michelson, Mach-Zehnder,and Sagnac interference structures, highlighting their application in various modulation techniques. The interference imaging principles and data structures of temporal, spatial, and spatiotemporal modulated Fourier transform spectral imaging(FTSI) are then elucidated in alignment with their data acquisition modalities(Fig. 10). A comprehensive review of FTSI’s historical development and current research status is provided, highlighting representative studies that discuss the interference structures employed as well as the resulting spectral and imaging performance. Spatiotemporal modulated FTSI, noted for its static structure and high throughput, represents a primary focus for technological advancement. For example, the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics, and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has conducted extensive research in this field. Using a step mirror Michelson interferometer, the institute has developed prototypes such as the image-field modulated Fourier transform hyperspectral imager(Fig. 40) and the panoramic bispectral infrared imaging interferometric spectral measurement and inversion instrument(Fig. 41). These innovations are designed to meet the critical demands for real-time, online monitoring and analysis of industrial pollution emissions and emergency safety incidents. Finally, the prospective trajectories of FTSI technology are explored, providing strategic guidance for the selection and design of FTSI instruments tailored to practical applications.Conclusions and Prospects Fourier transform spectral imaging technology, leveraging diverse interference modulation structures and imaging modalities, manifests in multiple implementation forms. Each form offers unique strengths and limitations, necessitating careful selection based on specific tasks, operational conditions, and performance expectations.Ultra-precision optics, large-format detectors, high-speed readout circuits, and advanced data processing methods continue to evolve. FTSI instruments are anticipated to adopt architectures that are solid-state, integrated, lightweight,miniaturized, and even micro-miniaturized. Future detection paradigms will likely emphasize static, high-throughput, highstability, high-reliability, real-time detection, online analysis, and intelligent processing. Expected system enhancements include wider fields of view, broader spectral ranges, higher spatial and spectral resolutions, improved wavenumber accuracy, elevated signal-to-noise ratios, greater sensitivity, and expanded dynamic ranges. These advancements are set to drive transformative influences across a spectrum of military, defense, and civilian applications, solidifying FTSI as a cornerstone technology for the future.更多还原