【摘要】 溯源至国家辐射功率基准的传递探测器动态范围小于1 mW，远低于太阳辐射监测仪测量目标功率，无法检验太阳辐射监测仪的绝对精度。为扩展辐射功率标准动态范围，研制动态范围10 mW的比对探测器，研究了传递探测器对比对探测器的高功率定标方法，解决了缺少高功率辐射功率标准的问题。首先，以中国国家计量院低温绝对辐射计为基准，在0.5 mW量级下对传递探测器的功率响应度进行高精度定标。其次，通过构建可溯源至SI的标准传递链路，在小功率量级下用传递探测器测量标准传递链路分束比，测量重复性达到0.009 5%。然后，在大功率量级下，利用标准传递链路和传递探测器，标定比对探测器响应度。最后，进行比对探测器的线性度、面均匀性、角均匀性、真空空气一致性等误差的实验检测及分析，合成得到高功率辐射功率标准的不确定度。实验结果表明：比对探测器在10 mW量级的响应度为0.508 43 A/W，测量重复性达到0.003 1%，在9.7～10.4 mW范围内响应度变化不超过0.01%，合成不确定度为0.031%，从而可通过比对探测器可建立10 mW量级的辐射功率标准，满足太阳辐射监测仪的比对验证需求。本研究不仅解决了太阳辐射监测仪等大动态辐射测量仪器的精度验证及比对定标难题，也为统一辐射标度提供关键技术基础，为气候变化、辐射收支及太阳能高效开发等研究领域提供支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dynamic range of the transfer detector, which traces back to the national radiation power standard, is less than 1 mW, far below the target power of the solar radiation monitor, making it impossible to verify the absolute accuracy of the solar radiation monitor. To expand the dynamic range of the radiation power standard, a comparison detector with a dynamic range of 10 mW was developed. The highpower calibration method of the transfer detector to the comparison detector was studied, solving the problem of the lack of high-power radiation power standards. Firstly, the power response of the transfer detector was precisely calibrated at the 0. 5 mW level using the low-temperature absolute radiometer of the National Institute of Metrology of China as the reference. Secondly, by constructing a standard transfer chain traceable to the SI, the beam splitting ratio of the standard transfer chain was measured at the low-power level using the transfer detector, with a measurement repeatability of 0. 009 5%. Then, at the high-power level, the response of the comparison detector was calibrated using the standard transfer chain and the transfer detector. Finally, the linearity, surface uniformity, angular uniformity, and vacuum-air consistency errors of the comparison detector were experimentally detected and analyzed, and the uncertainty of the high-power radiation power standard was synthesized. The experimental results show that the response of the comparison detector at the 10 mW level is 0. 508 43 A/W, with a measurement repeatability of 0. 003 1%, and the response change within the range of 9. 7-10. 4 mW does not exceed 0. 01%. The combined uncertainty is 0. 031%. Thus, a 10 mW-level radiation power standard can be established through the comparison detector, meeting the comparison and verification requirements of solar radiation monitors. This research not only solves the problem of accuracy verification and comparison calibration for large-dynamic-range radiation measurement instruments such as solar radiation monitors, providing a key technical basis for unifying radiation scales, but also supports research fields such as climate change, radiation balance, and efficient solar energy development.更多还原