【摘要】 随着天地一体化空间监测技术的发展，监测覆盖范围扩大、目标重访间隔缩短，较短时间内有可能获得新碎片的多个观测弧段，使新碎片的快速编目成为可能。因此，本文对天基光学监测碎片云的探测和快速轨道编目能力进行了评估。以COSMOS-2251/Iridium-33卫星碰撞事件为例，基于美国空间目标编目库二行根数，分析COSMOS-2251/Iridium-33卫星碰撞新碎片的可识别分离和快速编目可能性。实验结果表明，采用光学监测手段，对于COSMOS-2251和Iridium-33碎片，在碰撞20 min后，能够有效识别出99%以上的新碎片。选择COSMOS-2251和Iridium-33的各100个新碎片，基于24颗卫星组成的天基光学监测星座，碰撞后一天内81%的COSMOS-2251和87%的Iridium-33新碎片有至少10个可测弧段。采用一天内的观测弧段进行新目标编目，70%的COSMOS-2251新碎片和73%的Iridium-33新碎片可成功编目。由此表明，基于合理设计的天基光学监测星座，有能力在一天内对70%以上碰撞新碎片进行轨道编目。更多还原

【Abstract】 Advancements in space-ground integrated surveillance techniques have expanded detection coverage and reduced object revisit times, enabling the collection of multiple orbit tractlets of new debris within hours of an event and thereby facilitating timely tracking and cataloging. This study evaluates the detection and cataloging capabilities for monitoring debris clouds using space-based optical systems. Utilizing historical two-line element data, the identification and cataloging potential of debris generated by the COS-MOS-2251/Iridium-33 satellite collision were analyzed, assuming a space-based optical detection constellation of 24 satellites. Results indicate that 99% of new debris fragments can be resolved within 20 minutes post-collision. Analysis of randomly selected samples of 100 debris fragments from each satellite revealed that 81% of COSMOS-2251 debris and 87% of Iridium-33 debris possess at least 10 observable tractlets within one day following the collision. Considering all observable tractlets within this timeframe, 70% of COSMOS-2251 debris and 73% of Iridium-33 debris were successfully cataloged. These findings demonstrate that a well-designed space-based optical surveillance system can catalog over 70% of new debris resulting from space collisions within one day.更多还原