【摘要】 随着全球对气候变化的关注日益加深，碳中和已成为国际社会的普遍共识与战略目标。实现这一目标依赖于多项先进技术和解决方案的广泛应用，包括可再生能源、电动汽车、能源存储系统以及碳捕集利用与封存（CCUS）技术等。然而，这些技术的大规模部署对关键金属的需求激增，构成了一个新的挑战。文章综述了碳中和技术发展背景下关键金属需求的动态变化，探讨了潜在的供应风险，并提出了应对策略。详细分析了风能、太阳能光伏、电池储能、氢能和电动汽车等关键技术对锂、钴、镍、稀土元素等关键金属的依赖性。随着清洁能源装机容量的快速增长，预计对这些金属的需求量将在未来几十年内显著上升。电动车电池制造所需的锂、钴和镍，以及风力发电机磁体中使用的钕、镝等稀土金属，其需求量的增长速度远超当前的开采与回收能力。总之，碳中和技术的快速发展对关键金属的需求提出了新的挑战，需要全球性的视野和创新性的解决方案，以保障资源的可持续供给，支撑全球向低碳经济转型。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the deepening of global attention to climate change, carbon neutrality has become a general consensus and strategic goal of the international community. Achieving this goal relies on a wide range of advanced technologies and solutions, including renewable energy, electric vehicles, energy storage systems, and carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technologies. However, the large-scale deployment of these technologies has created a surge in demand for key metals, posing a new challenge. This paper reviews the dynamic changes in the demand for key metals in the context of the development of carbon neutral technologies, explores the potential supply risks, and proposes countermeasures. This paper analyzes the dependence of key technologies such as wind energy, solar photovoltaic, battery energy storage, hydrogen energy and electric vehicles on key metals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and rare earth elements. With the rapid growth of installed clean energy capacity, the demand for these metals is expected to rise significantly in the coming decades. For example, demand for lithium, cobalt and nickel for electric vehicle batteries and for rare earth metals such as neodymium and dysprosium used in wind turbine magnets is growing far faster than current mining and recycling capabilities. In conclusion, the rapid development of carbon-neutral technologies poses new challenges to the demand for key metals, requiring a global vision and innovative solutions to ensure sustainable supply of resources and support the global transition to a low-carbon economy.更多还原