【摘要】 脑卒中后口腔衰弱(OFAS)是老年患者常见的继发性功能障碍,口腔衰弱的发生与神经损伤、口腔微生物组失衡及医源性因素密切相关,其中口腔菌群紊乱在疾病进展中起关键作用。近年来,益生菌疗法在改善口腔衰弱方面展现出独特潜力。与肠道益生菌相比,口腔益生菌具有局部定植、快速起效及靶向调节口腔微环境的特点,其通过竞争性抑制病原菌、调节免疫反应及促进神经功能恢复等多重机制发挥作用。目前仍存在菌株筛选标准不统一、长期疗效证据不足等问题。未来研究应聚焦于开发高效、稳定的口腔益生菌制剂,探索其与神经康复技术的协同作用,并建立基于微生物组特征的个性化干预方案,为OFAS的防治提供新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oral frailty after stroke(OFAS) is a common secondary dysfunction in elderly patients. The occurrence of oral frailty is closely related to neurological injury, oral microbiome imbalance, and iatrogenic factors, among which oral dysbiosis plays a key role in disease progression. In recent years, probiotic therapy has shown unique potential in improving oral frailty. Compared with intestinal probiotics, oral probiotics have the characteristics of local colonization, rapid onset of action, and targeted regulation of the oral microenvironment, and exert their effects through multiple mechanisms, including competitive inhibition of pathogens, regulation of immune responses, and promotion of neurological recovery. Currently, there are still issues such as lack of uniform strain selection criteria and insufficient evidence for long-term efficacy. Future research should focus on developing efficient and stable oral probiotic formulations, exploring their synergistic effects with neurorehabilitation techniques, and establishing personalized intervention protocols based on microbiome characteristics, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of OFAS.更多还原