【摘要】 作为非公有制经济的民营经济是社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分，与公有制经济相比，二者在我国经济制度中分别具有不同定位。民营经济高质量发展的困境源于人们混淆了民营经济在经济制度中宪法地位的差异性和作为市场主体的平等性。树立民营经济平等保护理念必须区分民营经济在制度层面和市场领域中的不同定位，承认其在经济制度中宪法地位的差异性。民营经济平等保护的核心在于通过政策制度的实施让民营经济符合其应有的宪法地位，其基本要义是立基于合理的差别待遇而实行的对民营企业法律地位和发展权利的平等保护。为此，在市场领域中应通过对相关制度的不断完善强化民营经济的现实保障，除了强调对民营经济在市场准入和市场竞争环节中的一般保护，还需在市场退出环节中通过构建差异化保护体系增强民营企业的特别保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 The private economy is an important part of the socialist market economy,and compared with the public economy,holds different positions in China’s economic system. The difficulties in achieving the high-quality development of the private economy arise from the confusion between the constitutional distinctiveness of its status within the economic system and its equality as a market entity. To establish the concept of equal protection for the private economy,it is essential to differentiate its institutional role and its market role,and to acknowledg the constitutional particularities of its status in the economic system. The core of equal protection for the private economy lies in ensuring that it conforms to its due constitutional status through the implementation of policy systems. The fundamental principle is to ensure the equal protection of the legal status and development rights of private enterprises through reasonable differential treatment. In the market domain,this entails continuously improving relevant systems to enhance the practical safeguard for the private economy. Beyond general protections in areas such as market access and competition,it is also necessary to strengthen special protection of private enterprises during the market exit phase by building a differentiated protection system tailored to the unique characteristics of private economy.更多还原