【摘要】 近年来，世界各地食品安全事件层出不穷，其中大多数是由食源性致病菌造成的，很大程度上威胁到人们的生命安全和社会的安定，因此，建立快速准确的食源性致病菌检测方法对食品安全至关重要。表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)由于其灵敏度高、快速、非破坏性和原位检测的优点，可以实现高效快速检测复杂食品基质中食源性致病菌，在痕量检测领域具有良好的应用前景。本文综述了不同SERS基底在食源性致病菌检测中的研究进展，系统梳理了溶胶类基底、固相基底和柔性基底在该领域的应用现状，并深入探讨了SERS技术在实际应用中存在的局限性及其发展前景。为推动SERS成为食品安全与质量监控中的常规检测手段，未来研究应重点开发高活性、多功能的SERS基底材料。除单一SERS检测模式外，相关研究还探索了SERS与微流控、免疫学方法、分子生物学技术以及机器学习等手段的融合，以进一步提升检测的灵敏度和特异性。微流控系统可实现样品前处理与检测一体化，显著提升通量和效率；免疫学和分子生物学方法可增强病原体特异识别；人工智能与大数据则可对复杂光谱进行智能解析，大幅提高检测的准确性与鲁棒性。这些多学科交叉融合为SERS技术的应用拓展了新方向。未来研究应重点关注：(1)开发高活性、多功能且稳定的基底材料，以提升可靠性和可重复性；(2)设计多重检测策略，实现多病原体的同步识别；(3)推进检测系统的小型化与便携化，降低成本并增强现场应用能力；(4)结合人工智能和大数据，实现光谱解析的自动化与智能化。总体来看，SERS技术正向多重化、系统化和智能化发展，未来有望成为食品安全监控和质量控制的核心工具，为全球食品安全保障提供有力支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, food safety incidents have emerged one after another all over the world, most of which are caused by food-borne pathogens, which greatly threaten people’s life safety and social stability. Therefore, it is very important to establish a rapid and accurate detection method for food-borne pathogens. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) can detect food-borne pathogens in complex food substrates efficiently and rapidly due to its advantages of high sensitivity, rapidity, non-destructive and in-situ detection, and has a good application prospect in the field of trace detection. This review summarizes the research progress of different SERS substrates in the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. It systematically examines the current applications of sol-gel substrates, solid-phase substrates, and flexible substrates in this field. Additionally, it thoroughly discusses the limitations of SERS technology in practical applications and its future development prospects. To promote SERS as a routine detection method in food safety and quality monitoring, future research should focus on the development of highly active and multifunctional SERS substrate materials. In addition to the single SERS detection mode, related studies have also explored the integration of SERS with microfluidics, immunological methods, molecular biology techniques, and machine learning, aiming to further enhance the sensitivity and specificity of detection. Microfluidic systems enable seamless sample pretreatment and detection, thereby improving throughput and efficiency; immunological and molecular approaches enhance pathogen-specific recognition; and artificial intelligence combined with big data allows intelligent analysis of complex spectra, significantly improving accuracy and robustness. Such interdisciplinary integration opens new directions for the application of SERS technology. Future research should focus on the following priorities:(1) developing highly active, multifunctional, and stable substrates to enhance reliability and reproducibility;(2) designing multiplex detection strategies to achieve simultaneous identification of multiple pathogens;(3) advancing miniaturization and portable system design to reduce costs and improve on-site applicability; and(4) integrating artificial intelligence and big data to achieve automated and intelligent spectral analysis. Overall, SERS technology is progressing toward multiplexed, systematized, and intelligent development and is expected to become a core tool for food safety monitoring and quality control, providing strong support for global food safety assurance.更多还原