【摘要】 能源行业碳排放占全球碳排放的绝大部分，对全球碳达峰碳中和目标的实现具有举足轻重的地位。卫星遥感技术特别是搭载高光谱分辨率和高空间分辨率载荷的卫星正在全球能源行业碳排放监测中发挥重要作用，譬如有效监测大型电厂的二氧化碳排放、大型油气田和煤矿的甲烷异常泄露等。针对全球电力、石油天然气开采和煤矿开采这三类重点能源行业，结合国内外卫星遥感技术的优势和发展，本文综述了卫星遥感技术在这些全球重点行业的监测研究应用现状、存在的问题不足和发展趋势，提出我国未来应该加快构建国内碳监测卫星体系、加强碳观测定标场和验证网络建设、研发国家重点能源行业碳排放卫星遥感应用系统平台等发展的建议对策，以期为我国减污降碳协同增效、积极应对气候变化提供支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The energy industry accounts for the vast majority of global carbon emissions and plays a crucial role in achieving the global carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. Satellite remote sensing technology, especially for the satellites equipped with high spectral resolution and high spatial resolution payloads, are playing an important role in monitoring carbon emissions in the global energy industry, such as effectively monitoring carbon dioxide emissions from large power plants, abnormal methane leaks from large oil and gas fields and coal mines, etc. This article summarizes the current status, existing problems, shortcomings, and development trends of satellite remote sensing technology in the monitoring research and application of three key energy industries, namely global electric power, oil and gas extraction, and coal mining, based on the advantages and development of satellite remote sensing technology. Suggestions and countermeasures are proposed to accelerate the construction of a domestic carbon monitoring satellite system, strengthen the construction of carbon observation calibration field and verification networks, and establish a national key energy industry carbon emission satellite remote sensing application system platform, etc., in order to help China reduce pollution, reduce carbon emissions, enhance efficiency, and actively respond to climate change.更多还原