【摘要】 仿绿色植被伪装材料一直是多频谱兼容隐身领域的研究热点。以聚氨酯树脂基体、黄蓝色浆、片状铝粉为主要原料，通过黄蓝色浆配比、片状铝粉及总颜料(色浆+铝粉)量的调控，制备得到了一种具有与绿色植被相似可见近红外反射光谱特征的低红外发射率涂层。系统研究了黄蓝色浆配比、片状铝粉添加量及总颜料添加量对涂层可见近红外反射光谱、颜色特征、红外发射率及力学性能的影响规律，并对其红外隐身效果进行了评估。结果表明：在9∶1～9.8∶0.2范围内调控黄蓝聚氨酯色浆比例，涂层的颜色可在翠绿色到黄绿色范围内变化，涂层在可见光波段的反射峰可在541～545 nm范围内变化，与涂层的颜色变化规律一致。调控黄蓝聚氨酯色浆比例至9.6∶0.4,涂层在可见近红外反射光谱中具有与绿色植被相似的绿峰特征，使涂层体现出与绿叶匹配的黄绿色特征。不同色浆配比条件下的纯色浆涂层发射率均大于0.894,涂层基本不具备红外隐身效果。在最佳黄蓝色浆配比下通过在涂层中添加少量的片状铝粉便可显著降低涂层的发射率。随着涂层中片状铝粉添加量的增大，涂层的发射率降低，涂层的黄绿色颜色特征变浅，但反射光谱中依然可以在545 nm处看到一黄绿色反射峰的存在。当涂层中的片状铝粉添加量为10%,涂层的红外发射率可降至0.679,相比纯色浆涂层的发射率(0.894)降低了24%,且涂层依然保持了明显的绿峰和黄绿色可见光特征。在最佳铝粉和色浆配比条件下调控涂层中的总颜料量，涂层的颜色特征及545 nm处的谱峰特征基本没有变化。当涂层中的总颜料量不超过50%时，涂层的红外发射率可随总颜料量的增大而降低。通过调控总颜料量发现其为50%时，涂层的发射率可低至0.677,红外隐身性能最佳。同时涂层具备优异的力学性能(附着力1级、柔韧性2 mm、耐冲击强度50 kg·cm)。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, green vegetation-like camouflage materials have become a research hotspot in multi-spectrum compatible stealth. In this paper, polyurethane resin matrix, yellow and blue paste, and flake aluminum powder were used as the main raw materials, a kind of low infrared emissivity coating with visible near-infrared reflectance spectral characteristics similar to green vegetation was prepared by adjusting the ratio of yellow and blue paste, the amount of flake aluminum powder and total pigment(color paste+aluminum powder). The effects of the ratio of yellow and blue paste, the amount of flake aluminum powder, and the amount of total pigment on the visible near-infrared reflectance spectrum, color characteristics, infrared emissivity, and mechanical properties of the coating were systematically studied, and the infrared stealth effect was evaluated. The results show that the color of the coating varies from emerald green to yellow-green by adjusting the ratio of yellow and blue polyurethane paste in the range of 9∶1～9.8∶0.2, and the reflection peak of the coating in the visible band varies from 541 to 545 nm, which is consistent with the color change of the coating. When the ratio of yellow and blue polyurethane paste is adjusted to 9.6∶0.4, the coating has the characteristics of a green peak similar to that of green vegetation in the visible near-infrared reflectance spectrum, which makes the coating match the yellow-green characteristics of green leaves. The emissivity of the pure color paste coating under different color paste ratios is greater than 0.894, so the coating has no infrared stealth effect. Under the optimum ratio of yellow and blue paste, the emissivity of the coating can be significantly reduced by adding a small amount of flake aluminum powder to the coating. With the increase of flake aluminum powder in the coating, the emissivity of the coating decreases, and the yellow-green color characteristics become lighter. However, the reflection spectrum can still show a yellow-green reflection peak at 545 nm. When the amount of flake aluminum powder in the coating is 10%, the infrared emissivity of the coating can be reduced to 0.679, which is 24% lower than that of the pure paste coating(0.894), and the coating still retains the obvious green peak and yellow-green visible light characteristics. The color characteristics of the coating and the spectral peak characteristics at 545 nm are unchanged when the total pigment content in the coating is adjusted under the optimal ratio of aluminum powder and color paste. When the total amount of pigment in the coating does not exceed 50%, the infrared emissivity of the coating decreases with the increase of the total pigment content. By adjusting the total amount of pigment, it is found that when it is 50%, the emissivity of the coating can be as low as 0.677, and the infrared stealth performance is the best. At the same time, the coating has excellent mechanical properties(adhesion strength is grade 1, flexibility is 2 mm, and impact strength is 50 kg·cm).更多还原