【摘要】 【目的】筛选高效木质纤维素降解菌，并对其降解特性进行研究。【方法】从好氧堆肥的各个时期采集样品，用刚果红透明圈法和酶活测定法筛选木质纤维素降解菌，测定菌株的最佳生长条件和生长曲线，并通过对菌株的形态特征和16S rRNA基因测序鉴定菌株。【结果】菌株X₇和X₂₂最适生长温度为45℃，最适pH值为7,X₁₁最适生长温度为40℃，最适pH为6;3株菌株的最适盐浓度均为2.0%;X₇、X₁₁和X₂₂最适碳源分别为甘露醇、麦芽糖、葡萄糖，最适氮源为酵母膏；3株菌株均具有较高的木质素降解能力，同时对纤维素和半纤维素也有一定的降解能力。结合形态特征和16S rRNA基因序列分析，X₇、X₁₁和X₂₂分别被鉴定为地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis）、枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）和高地芽孢杆菌（Bacillus altitudinis）。【结论】3株菌株在常温条件下均具有木质纤维素降解能力，具有开发成高效好氧堆肥菌剂的潜质，可为农业固体废弃物的高值化利用提供优质菌种资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】 The aim is to screen high-efficiency lignocellulose-degrading bacteria and explore their degradation characteristics.【Method】 Bacteria that degrade lignocellulose were screened from samples taken at different stages of the aerobic composting process using the Congo red transparent circle method and the enzyme activity method. The optimal growth conditions and growth curves were then determined. The screened strains were identified based on their morphological characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.【Result】 The optimal growth temperatures and pH values for X₇ and X₂₂ were both 45 ℃and 7. 0,while those for X₁₁ were 40 ℃ and 6. 0. The optimal salt concentration for all three strains was 2. 0%. The optimal carbon sources for X₇,X₁₁ and X₂₂ were mannitol,maltose and glucose,respectively; the optimal nitrogen source was yeast extract for all three strains. All three strains exhibited high lignin degradation ability and the ability to degrade cellulose and hemicellulose. X₇,X₁₁ and X₂₂ were identified as Bacillus licheniformis,B. subtilis and B. altitudinis,respectively.【Conclusion】 Three strains were capable of lignocellulose degradation at ambient temperatures and could be developed into highly efficient aerobic composting bacterial agents. These agents could provide high-quality strain resources for the high-value utilization of agricultural solid waste.更多还原