【摘要】 分级纳米多孔碳材料因其高比表面积、多级孔结构以及三维互通的导电网络，在优化电极材料的离子传输路径和电荷存储能力方面展现出显著优势，是超级电容器电极材料的理想候选之一。研究用热塑性弹性体聚苯乙烯-乙烯/丁烯-苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物(SEBS)为前驱体，通过湿法纺丝制备SEBS纤维，并经过高温退火、浓硫酸磺化及碳酸钾活化碳化方法，制备了兼具微孔、有序介孔和大孔的分级多孔结构的碳材料。电化学性能测试表明，当磺化SEBS与碳酸钾的质量比为1∶3时，碳化SEBS多孔材料比表面积高达1 844.5 m~2/g,表现出最佳的电化学性能，在4 A/g电流密度下，其比电容高达430.8 F/g,相较于活化前的84 F/g,性能显著提升。基于分级多孔碳组装的对称超级电容器，在1 A/g电流密度下仍然有146.8 F/g比电容，显示出5.09 Wh/kg的能量密度与250 W/kg的功率密度。通过在2 A/g恒定电流密度下进行600次循环仍然有接近100%的电容保持率。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hierarchically nanoporous carbon materials offer significant advantages in optimizing the ion transport pathways and charge storage capabilities of electrode materials, thanks to their high specific surface area, hierarchical pore structure, and three-dimensional interconnected conductive network. As such, they stand out as one of the ideal candidates for supercapacitor electrode materials. In this study, the thermoplastic elastomer, polystyrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene triblock copolymer(SEBS) was used as the precursor. SEBS fibers were first prepared through wet spinning, followed by high-temperature annealing, concentrated sulfuric acid sulfonation, and potassium carbonate activation and carbonization processes. This series of treatments led to the successful synthesis of a carbon material with a hierarchically porous structure, featuring micropores, ordered mesopores, and macropores. Electrochemical performance tests revealed that when the mass ratio of sulfonated SEBS to potassium carbonate was 1∶3, the carbonized SEBS porous material achieved an impressively high specific surface area of 1844.5 m~2/g and exhibited optimal electrochemical performance. At a current density of 4 A/g, its specific capacitance soared to 430.8 F/g, marking a substantial improvement compared to the 84 F/g before activation. Symmetric supercapacitors assembled with the hierarchically porous carbon still maintained a specific capacitance of 146.8 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g, showing an energy density of 5.09 Wh/kg and a power density of 250 W/kg. Moreover, after 600 cycles at a constant current density of 2 A/g, the supercapacitor demonstrated a capacitance retention rate close to 100%.更多还原