【摘要】 绿色金融不仅是中国特色金融发展之路的重点领域，也是全球可持续发展的重要支撑。近年来，相关研究呈“井喷式”增长，实证证据虽日益清晰，但相关理论仍显薄弱。绿色金融的学术研究进入了理论攻坚、体系构建的关键期。梳理学说脉络、提炼理论要点是构建绿色金融理论体系的“必修课”。鉴于此，本文系统性地梳理了绿色金融的理论渊源、学说脉络和前沿趋势，将经典的金融功能观与绿色金融现实问题有机结合，提出金融的“绿色功能”观点，并将金融的“绿色功能”归纳为一项基础功能（促进资源的绿色配置）和两项扩展功能（管理环境风险、环境要素价格发现）。三大功能可以在统一的理论框架下充分概括绿色金融对经济发展的影响机制，有效整合现有研究结论并拓展未来研究视野。在此基础上，本文构建了系列理论模型，在一个可扩展、一致性的框架下解释了多种绿色金融工具和金融政策的经济学属性，并对政策实践的发展逻辑和未来趋势进行了探讨。相比现有研究，本文首次从学说史的角度，系统性溯源绿色金融理论，扩展了经典的金融功能观，丰富了绿色金融理论，同时本文理论模型结论为绿色金融的实证研究提供了新的思路，相关模型设定也对绿色金融的宏观建模具有参考意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Green finance is not only a key area in the development of finance with Chinese characteristics but also a crucial pillar for global sustainable development.In recent years,academic research on the subject has witnessed an explosive growth.While empirical evidence has become increasingly clear,the theoretical foundations remain relatively underdeveloped.Academic inquiry into green finance has entered a critical stage of theoretical refinement and system-building.Mapping the evolution of thought and distilling core theoretical insights have become essential tasks in the construction of a coherent theoretical framework for green finance.Against this backdrop,this study systematically traces the theoretical origins,intellectual trajectory,and cutting-edge developments of green finance.It organically integrates classical views on the functions of finance with the practical challenges of green finance,and by doing so,introduces the concept of finance ’s green function.This green function can be further articulated into a core function(facilitating green resource allocation) and two extended functions(managing environmental risks and environmental factor price discovery).The three functions can fully summarize green finance’s economic impact mechanism in a unified theoretical framework,effectively integrating existing research findings and expanding future research horizons.Building upon this theoretical foundation,the paper develops a series of analytical models that explain the economic properties of various green financial instruments and policies within a consistent and scalable framework.It further explores the logical underpinnings of policy practices and outlines potential future trajectories.Compared with existing literature,this study represents the first systematic effort to trace the evolution of green finance theory from the perspective of the history of economic thought.It extends the classical understanding of financial functions and enriches the theoretical landscape of green finance.Moreover,the conclusions drawn from the models presented offer fresh perspectives for empirical research in green finance,and the modelling strategies proposed herein also serve as useful references for macroeconomic modelling in this field.更多还原