【摘要】 为深入探究农业产业结构变动对农业生产要素配置影响的作用机制以及对农业全要素生产率的作用程度，基于我国2005—2021年30个省（自治区、直辖市）的面板数据，运用DEA—Malmquist指数法测算农业全要素生产率及其分解指数，分析我国农业全要素生产率时间演进趋势及县域差异，进一步结合基准线性回归模型，探究农业产业结构优化与农业全要素生产率之间的作用关系。结果表明：我国农业全要素生产率整体呈现增长态势，其动力源泉主要依靠农业技术进步；各省（自治区、直辖市）农业全要素生产率增长与全国趋势基本一致，纯技术效率和规模效率对农业全要素生产率的增幅作用存在差异；农业产业结构高级化、合理化、生态化均对农业全要素生产率存在显著的抑制作用，其每增加1个单位，农业全要素生产率则分别减少0.26、0.22和0.43个单位。因此，应持续推进农业技术进步，提升农村人力资本，增强规模效率潜能，因地制宜施策，促进农业资源配置和要素合理流动，进而推动农业实现可持续和绿色发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to comprehensively investigate the mechanisms through which changes inthe agricultural industrial structure influence the allocation of agricultural production factors, and their subsequent impact on total factor productivity, this study utilized panel data from 30 provinces(autonomous region,municipality directly under the central government) in China from 2005 to 2021. The DEA—Malmquist index method was employed to measure agricultural total factor productivity and its decomposition indices. The temporal evolution of China′s agricultural total factor productivity and regional disparities were analyzed, and the relationship between agricultural industrial structure optimization and agricultural total factor productivity was further explored using a benchmark linear regression model. The results revealed that: China′s agricultural total factor productivity exhibited an overall upward trend over the study period, with technological progress identified as the primary driving force behind this growth. The growth trajectory of agricultural total factor productivity across provinces(autonomous region,municipality directly under the central government) generally aligned with the national trend. However, differences emerged in the contributions of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency to provincial agricultural total factor productivity growth. The upgrading, rationalization, and greening(ecologization) of the agricultural industrial structure exerted significant inhibitory effects on agricultural total factor productivity. Specifically,for every one-unit increase in these three dimensions, the agricultural total factor productivity of agriculture decreased by 0.26, 0.22 and 0.43 units, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to continue the promotion of technological advancements in agricultural, improving rural human capital, and enhancing the potential of scale efficiency. Furthermore, it advocated for region-specific policy interventions to facilitate the efficient allocation and mobility of agricultural resources, thereby supporting the sustainable and green transformation of China′s agricultural sector.更多还原