【摘要】 本文提了出一种基于水三棱镜的室内彩虹可控生成方法，通过调节注水矩形玻璃鱼缸底部曲率，实现了米级条形(垂直宽度1.0m,水平宽度36.0cm)与大跨度拱形彩虹(水平跨度4.0m,拱高2.0m,光谱垂直宽度36.0cm)的高亮度投影。研究表明，该彩虹本质为阳光在空气-水界面经历折射-反射-折射(RRR)过程后产生的色散光谱的形态可通过几何光学参数精准调控：条形彩虹呈红上紫下分布，拱形彩虹则呈现红外紫内的类自然彩虹的弯曲特征。本文基于光线追迹模型，系统揭示了太阳高度角(α=55°)、鱼缸倾角(θ=2.8°～9.0°)及亚克力玻璃基底拱高(h_a=1.5～3.5cm)对彩虹尺寸的定量影响规律，并通过TracePro仿真验证了光强分布特征与真彩色再现效果。实验表明，当有效进光面积仅为～9.0cm~2时，可在6.4m投射距离下获得明亮拱形彩虹，相应模拟计算的最大辐照度达1.01W/m~2。本文还通过进一步理论预测指出，增大鱼缸尺寸并优化曲率可提升亮度至实际应用水平。特别地，反向弯曲亚克力基底也可以产生拱形彩虹，这是一种反直觉光学现象，其中玻璃片左侧入射光形成拱形彩虹右侧光谱。本研究为复杂色散效应的可视化教学提供了创新方案，同时为建筑光学装饰与艺术投影技术奠定了实验基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study presents a controllable method for generating indoor rainbows via water-based triangular prisms by adjusting the curvature of the bottom surface of water-filled rectangular glass aquariums. Bright meter-scale striped rainbows(vertical width: 1.0m, horizontal width: 36.0cm) and large-span arched rainbows(horizontal span: 4.0 m, arch height: 2.0m, spectral vertical width: 36.0cm) are successfully projected. The rainbows originate from solar spectra formed by refraction-reflection-refraction(RRR) processes at air-water interfaces, with their morphologies precisely regulated through geometric optical parameters: striped rainbows exhibit a red-top-violet-bottom distribution, while arched rainbows mimic natural rainbows with red-outer-violet-inner curvature. Based on a ray-tracing model, the quantitative effects of solar altitude angle(α=55°), aquarium inclination angle(θ=2.8°～9.0°), and acrylic glass substrate arch height(h_a=1.5～3.5cm) on rainbow dimensions are systematically revealed. TracePro simulations validate the light intensity distribution and true-color reproduction, showing a maximum irradiance of 1.01W/m~2 for arched rainbows under an effective light-entry area of ～9.0cm~2 at a projection distance of 6.4m. Theoretical predictions suggest that enlarging the aquarium size while optimizing curvature can further enhance brightness to practical application levels. Notably, a counterintuitive optical phenomenon is observed where reversed bending of the acrylic substrate generates upward-arched rainbows, with light from the left side of the curved substrate forming the right side of the arched spectrum. This work provides an innovative solution for visualizing complex dispersion effects in science education and establishes an experimental foundation for architectural optical decoration and artistic projection technologies.更多还原