【摘要】 欧盟《清洁工业新政》标志着其政策重心从气候治理转向产业竞争力维护,背后是欧盟对外贸易关系范式的大幅转向,包括“欧盟标准”输出方式由市场协调转向行政干预,“战略自主”内涵从开放合作异化为防御性互惠,政策重心由市场激励转向规制干预。新政对外以“清洁贸易与投资伙伴关系”为抓手,通过《净零工业法案》《关键原材料法案》等政策工具,构建了“去依赖、本地化、高标准”的规制体系,对中国清洁技术产业构成了从上游原料到下游市场的系统性挑战。对此,中国应采取竞争、合作与平衡三位一体的应对策略,一方面以制造优势为依托构建自主标准与话语体系,另一方面在清洁产业具有互补性的环节挖掘合作潜力以对冲“脱钩”风险,并建立兼顾弹性与约束力的战略管理机制,以维护自身在全球清洁产业价值链中的地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 The European Union(EU) Clean Industrial Deal(CID) marks a shift in its policy focus from climate governance to maintaining industrial competitiveness. This is underpinned by a significant paradigm shift in the EU’s foreign trade relations, including a transition from market coordination to administrative intervention in the export of “EU standards,” a transformation of the “strategic autonomy” concept from open cooperation to defensive reciprocity, and a shift in policy emphasis from market incentives to regulatory intervention. The CID, externally, leverages the Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships(CTIPs) as a lever, and through policy tools such as the “Net-Zero Industry Act” and the “Critical Raw Materials Act,” has established a regulatory system featuring “reduced dependence, localization, and high standards,” posing a systematic challenge to China’s clean technology industry from upstream raw materials to downstream markets. In response, China should adopt a tripartite strategy of competition, cooperation, and balance. On the one hand, it should build an independent standard and discourse system based on its manufacturing advantage. On the other hand, it should tap into the potential for cooperation in complementary segments of the clean industry to hedge against “decoupling” risks and establish a strategic management mechanism that balances flexibility and binding force to maintain its position in the global clean industry value chain.更多还原