【摘要】 为给华北平原潮土区制定合理的有机碳管理措施及提高土壤肥力提供科学依据，于1981—2021年在河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所试验站开展长期定位试验，研究区种植制度为冬小麦-夏玉米轮作，共设置5个处理，分别为不施肥对照（CK）和无机肥施用条件下4个不同秸秆还田量处理(S0:0 kg·hm^-2,S2250:2 250 kg·hm^-2,S4500:4 500 kg·hm^-2,S9000:9 000 kg·hm^-2),2021年玉米收获后分析不同秸秆还田量下0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量，同时利用40 a数据分析土壤有机碳含量的变化，建立作物产量与土壤有机碳含量之间的关系。结果表明：秸秆还田40 a后不同施肥处理土壤有机碳含量均高于CK,增幅为21.91%～50.33%;而S2250、S4500和S9000处理土壤有机碳含量随秸秆还田量的增加逐渐增加，处理间差异未达显著水平。长期耕作与施肥均可增加土壤有机碳储量，各处理耕层土壤有机碳储量较40年前增长13.64～24.50 t·hm^-2;有机碳平均固持速率也随秸秆还田量的增加而逐渐增加，S9000处理达到0.61 t·hm^-2·a^-1,较S0处理显著提高45.2%。综上，施用化肥配合长期秸秆还田可以增加潮土区表层土壤有机碳含量，提升土壤固碳速率。更多还原

【Abstract】 To establish a scientific foundation for optimizing soil organic carbon and enhancing fluvo-aquic soil fertility, a long-term field experiment on the winter wheat-summer maize rotation system was conducted from 1981 to 2021 in the North China Plain. A total of 5 treatments including no-fertilizer control（CK） and maize straw incorporation at rates of 0 kg·hm^-2（S0）, 2 250 kg·hm^-2（S2250）, 4 500 kg·hm^-2（S4500） and 9 000 kg·hm^-2（S9000） combined with inorganic fertilizers were set up. Soil samples（0～20 cm） were collected to study the changes of soil organic carbon content in each plot after maize harvest in 2021. The changes of soil organic carbon in 40 years were analyzed and the relationship between crop yield and soil organic carbon content was simulated. The results showed that after 40 years of straw incorporation, the organic carbon contents were increased by 21.91%～50.33% in other fertilizers treatments compared with CK. The organic carbon content in the S2250, S4500, and S9000 treatments gradually increased with the amount of straw incorporation, however, no significant differences were observed among them. Long-term cultivation and fertilization increased soil organic carbon storage. After 40 years, the soil organic carbon storage in each treatment increased by 13.64～24.50 t·hm^-2. The average carbon sequestration rate also gradually increased with the increase in straw incorporation, and it reached 0.61 t·hm^-2·a^-1 in the S9000 treatment, which was increased 45.2% than S0 treatment. In conclusion, long-term straw incorporation promotes surface soil organic carbon accumulation and improves soil carbon sequestration rate in fluvo-aquic soil.更多还原