【摘要】 架空线柔直输电系统(简称架空柔直)故障概率高，相较于电缆输电在故障应对方面提出了更高要求。该文围绕架空柔直系统的故障全过程，系统梳理了源侧限流(降压)与网侧限流(增阻)技术的原理与应用场景，归纳分析了典型的主保护与后备保护技术路径及其配合时序，并综述了自适应重合闸等恢复手段的演进趋势。在此基础上，进一步面向大规模多端架空柔直输电场景，探讨了两种典型网架结构下的故障特性与应对需求。最后，围绕限流策略优化、直流电网配置设计、故障电弧建模等方面展望了未来研究方向，旨在构建高可靠性、强穿越能力与经济性兼顾的柔直系统。更多还原

【Abstract】 Overhead flexible DC(OFDC) transmission systems have a higher fault probability compared to cable-based systems, posing greater challenges than cables. This paper systematically reviews the full fault-handling process for overhead flexible DC systems,analyzes the principles and application scenarios of source-side current limiting(active voltage reduction) and grid-side current limiting(increased fault loop impedance), and summarizes the main protection schemes, including main and backup protections, along with their coordination timelines. The evolution of recovery strategies such as adaptive reclosing is also discussed. Furthermore, the fault characteristics and response requirements under two typical DC grid structures are examined for large-scale multi-terminal overhead systems. Finally, future research directions are proposed in areas such as current-limiting strategy optimization, design of DC grid configuration, and fault arc modeling, aiming to support the development of reliable, fault-resilient, and cost-effective flexible DC systems.更多还原