【摘要】 聚丙烯(polypropylene,PP)作为广泛应用于薄膜电容器的半结晶聚合物，其结晶结构影响材料的电学性能，并致使电容器储能性能变化。控制PP的结晶结构以更好地调控PP薄膜的电学性能是提升电容器储能特性的关键。该文制备了一系列不同厚度的单轴拉伸聚丙烯薄膜，通过偏振光显微镜、原子力显微镜、2维X射线散射和差示扫描量热法等手段表征了其结晶形貌的差异。随后对取向PP膜的陷阱参数、直流击穿性能、介电性能和储能特性进行了研究。结果表明，更薄的PP薄膜不仅能改善薄膜的表面粗糙度，还有助于形成高取向的shish-kebab纤维状结晶结构。高取向的结晶结构有助于改善材料的陷阱分布，从而促进电荷在薄膜表面的消散，实现材料绝缘性能的提升。更多还原

【Abstract】 Polypropylene(PP), a semi-crystalline polymer widely used in film capacitors, has a crystalline structure that influences the electrical properties of the material, leading to variations in the energy storage performance of capacitors.Controlling the crystalline structure of PP to better regulate the electrical properties of PP films is key to enhancing the energy storage characteristics of capacitors. In this study, a series of uniaxially stretched polypropylene films with varying thicknesses were prepared. The differences in their crystalline morphology were characterized using polarizing microscopy, atomic force microscopy, two-dimensional X-ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry. Subsequent investigations were conducted on the trap parameters, DC breakdown strength, dielectric properties, and energy storage characteristics of the oriented PP films. The results indicate that thinner PP films not only improve the surface roughness of the films but also facilitate the formation of highly oriented shish-kebab fibrous crystalline structures. The highly oriented crystalline structure helps to optimize the trap distribution within the material, thereby promoting the dissipation of charges on the film’s surface and enhancing the insulating performance of the material.更多还原