【摘要】 小说叙事研究界存在一个共识：无论是第一人称还是第三人称叙述，小说文本中都有一个由作者创造出来的虚构叙述者。针对这种“泛叙述者理论”,有些学者提出了与之相异的“叙述者可选理论”,即作者可以选择是否构建叙述者，而只有在作者有意构建一个人物叙述者的情况下，才能谈论独立于作者的叙述者。这派学者的考量范围从小说拓展到了日常交流、电影、连环漫画等，这种宽阔的视野值得称道，但在其观点中也出现了各种偏误。如果我们将小说与其他交流渠道进行对比分析，尤为关注小说的书面虚构叙事规约与其他种类叙事规约的本质差异，就不但可以纠正“叙述者可选理论”的相关偏误，而且可以更好地揭示小说叙事交流的特殊性，以及小说叙事规约的可变性，也可以更好地说明不同交流渠道和不同媒介的不同叙事特点和受众的不同直觉感受，从而丰富和加深对叙事交流多样性的认识。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is a consensus in the field of narratology focusing on the novel: whether in first-person or third-person narration, there is a fictional narrator created by the author. In response to this “pan-narrator theory”, some scholars have proposed “optional-narrator theory”, arguing that the author can choose whether to create a narrator, and only when the author intentionally constructs a character narrator, can we talk about a narrator independent of the author. Scholars advocating “optional-narrator theory” extend attention to daily communication, movies, comics, etc. This broad perspective is commendable, but there have emerged various misconceptions in their arguments. This essay joins in the discussion. Through comparing prose fiction with other communication channels and paying particular attention to the essential difference between written fictional narrative conventions and other types of narrative conventions, it not only redresses the relevant misconceptions of “optional-narrator theory”, but also reveals, from a fresh angle, the peculiarity of fictional narrative communication and the variability of fictional narrative conventions. In addition, the essay brings to light, from a fresh angle, the different narrative characteristics and audiences’ different intuitive feelings in terms of different communication channels and different media, thereby enriching and deepening the understanding of the diversity of narrative communication.更多还原