【摘要】 目的 调查焦作市解放区中小学生超重/肥胖现状，分析其影响因素，为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 于2024年1—10月采用随机整群抽样法以学校为单位抽取焦作市解放区小学17所、初中6所、高中2所、职高1所共26所学校的在校学生进行超重/肥胖筛查和相关问卷调查，采用描述性分析方法对结果进行分析，并采用单因素、多因素logistic回归分析方法对焦作市解放区中小学生超重/肥胖的影响因素进行分析。结果 32 748名学生中最终纳入32 289名有效研究对象，超重/肥胖检出率为36.30%(11 721/32 289)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示：母亲孕前超重/肥胖（OR=1.758）、母亲孕期增重过度（OR=1.422）、非每天吃早餐（OR=2.818）、经常高脂或高糖食物（OR=3.176）、家属将高脂或高糖食物作为奖励（OR=4.255）、完全达到24 h活动指南推荐量（OR=0.410）是本地区中小学生超重/肥胖发生的相关因素（均P<0.05）。结论 焦作市解放区中小学生超重/肥胖检出率较高。母亲孕前超重/肥胖、孕期增重过度、非每天吃早餐、经常食用高脂或高糖食物、以及家属将高脂或高糖食物作为奖励与学生超重/肥胖密切相关；完全达到24 h活动指南推荐量的学生，超重/肥胖发生率较低。建议从孕期健康管理入手，加强健康饮食和规律运动的宣传教育，改善学生饮食结构和活动模式，降低超重/肥胖发生率，保障学生健康成长。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in the Jiefang District of Jiaozuo City, analyze associated risk factors, and provide empirical evidence to inform the development of targeted prevention and control strategies. Methods From January to October 2024, a randomized cluster sampling method was adopted to select students from 26 schools in Jiefang District, including 17 primary schools, 6 junior high schools, 2 senior high schools, and 1 vocational high school. Overweight and obesity were screened among enrolled students, and a supplementary questionnaire survey was administered. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data, while both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify determinants of overweight and obesity. Results Of the 32 748 students initially surveyed, 32 289 provided valid responses and were included in the final analysis. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 36.30%(11 721/32 289). Multivariate logistic regression identified several significant factors associated with overweight and obesity, including maternal overweight and obesity prior to pregnancy(OR=1.758), excessive maternal gestational weight gain(OR=1.422), not consuming breakfast daily(OR=2.818), frequent consumption of high-fat or high-sugar foods(OR=3.176), family members using high-fat or high-sugar foods as rewards(OR=4.255), and full compliance with the recommended 24-hour physical activity guidelines(OR=0.410)(all P<0.05). Conclusions The prevalence of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Jiefang District is alarmingly high. Maternal pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and excessive gestational weight gain, irregular breakfast consumption, frequent intake of high-fat or high-sugar foods, and the use of such foods as familial rewards are strongly correlated with increased risk of overweight and obesity among students. Conversely,students who fully adhere to 24-hour physical activity recommendations exhibit a significantly lower risk. It is recommended that intervention efforts begin with maternal health management during pregnancy, coupled with intensified health education focused on balanced diets and regular physical activity, so as to optimize students’ dietary habits and activity patterns, reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity, and safeguard students’ healthy development.更多还原