【摘要】 为了探究日本龟蜡蚧Ceroplastes japonicus的形态特征及生物学特性,采集安徽省黄山市屯溪区受害园林植物栀子Gardenia jasminoides叶和枝条上的日本龟蜡蚧若虫、成虫及虫卵,结合野外观测和室内饲养,记录发生规律和生物学特性。结果表明,该虫在屯溪区1年1代,越冬雌成虫携带卵体附着于寄主枝条越冬。卵呈椭圆形(长约0.3 mm),初产呈淡黄色,随发育渐变为橙红色。若虫发育呈现显著阶段特征,5月初孵化的1龄若虫体红色,扁平短椭圆状(长约0.5 mm),体表无蜡质;6月初进入2龄期,开始分泌蜡质,5～7 d形成典型星芒状蜡壳;3龄后期出现雌雄分化,至7月初成虫羽化。雄虫经历蛹期变态发育,雌虫则直接蜕变为成虫并分泌完整蜡被覆盖体躯。基于生活史研究提出综合防治策略:冬季修剪清园降低越冬基数,5—6月若虫孵化关键期施用低毒农药,结合天敌保护实现种群控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 To investigate the morphological characteristics and biological traits of Ceroplastes japonicus,nymphs,adults,and eggs were collected from leaves and branches of infested garden plants(Gardenia jasminoides) in Tunxi District,Huangshan City,Anhui Province. Through field observations and indoor rearing,the occurrence patterns and biological characteristics of the species were documented. The results demonstrated a univoltine life cycle(one generation per year) in the Tunxi District. Overwintering female adults,carrying eggs,remained attached to host branches through winter. The eggs were elliptical(approximately 0. 3 mm long),pale yellow when newly laid,and gradually turned orange-red during development. Nymphal development exhibited distinct stages:First-instar nymphs hatching in early May were red,flattened,and oval-shaped(about 0. 5 mm long) without a wax coating. By early June,second-instar nymphs initiated wax secretion,forming characteristic star-shaped wax shells within 5-7 days. Sexual differentiation occurred in the late third instar,with adult emergence in early July. Males underwent metamorphosis via a pupal stage,while females developed directly into adults,secreting a complete wax layer covering the body. Based on the life cycle,an integrated control strategy was proposed:Winter pruning and garden sanitation to reduce overwintering populations,application of low-toxicity pesticides during the critical nymphal hatching period(May-June),and natural enemy conservation for population control.更多还原