【摘要】 【目的】为提高家蚕杂交组合的综合经济性状，对家蚕亲本建立单项经济性状特优的新品系，并组配成同品种异品系的双杂交组合。【方法】在保持家蚕杂交组合蜀绣×渝春优良茧丝性状基础上，采用定向选择健康性、茧层率和活蛹缫丝方法，对家蚕种质资源蜀绣、渝春分别从提高繁殖性能、强健性、茧层率和茧丝品质上进行定向筛选。【结果】成功培育出强健好养的蜀绣A和渝春B与茧层率较高的蜀绣B和渝春A共4个新品系，并组配成高生产性能的新杂交组合蜀绣A·蜀绣B×渝春A·渝春B。双交原种蜀绣A×蜀绣B和渝春A×渝春B分别与其单交原种蜀绣和渝春相比，龄期经过缩短，虫蛹生命率极显著提高，单蛾产卵量分别提高19.13%和24.56%。组配的新杂交组合蜀绣A·蜀绣B×渝春A·渝春B与原杂交种蜀绣×渝春相比，虫蛹生命率、万蚕收茧量分别显著提高5.89百分点和11.26%，解舒率、洁净、万蚕产丝量等茧丝性状优于蜀绣×渝春。【结论】在维持家蚕原品种综合经济性状前提下，定向选择健康性和茧层率，能获得单项性状优良的新品系。新组配的杂交组合因新品系经济性状互补，在饲养中表现出生长发育快、健康好养、病弱蚕少、个体存活率高、产茧量高及茧丝质优等优良性状。定向选择方法适用于家蚕单杂交组合的亲本单项性状特优的新品系培育，可为高生产性能杂交新组合的组配提供优异种质资源。更多还原

【Abstract】 【Objective】In order to improve the comprehensive economic characteristics of silkworm cross combination, new lines with excellent single economic characteristics were established for their parents, and double hybrid combinations of the same variety but different lines was formed by pairing.【Method】On the basis of maintaining the excellent cocoon silk traits of the hybridized combination of Shuxiu × Yuchun, the silkworm germplasm resources Shuxiu and Yuchun were selectively screened for improving reproductive capacity, healthiness, cocoon shell rate, and quality of cocoon filament through methods of targeted selection of healthiness, cocoon shell rate, and live cocoon reeling.【Result】Four new strains of Shuxiu A and Yuchun B with perfect healthiness, Shuxiu B and Yuchun A with high cocoon shell rate were bred successfully, which formed a new hybridized combination Shuxiu A · Shuxiu B × Yuchun A · Yuchun B. The instar duration of original seeds of double cross Shuxiu A × Shuxiu B and Yuchun A ×Yuchun B were shorter than that of the original seeds of single cross Shuxiu and Yuchun, respectively. The larve-pupal survival rates were significantly higher than that of the original seeds of single cross, respectively. The weight of produced eggs of the single moth increased by19.13% and 24.56%, respectively, compared to Shuxiu and Yuchun. Compared to Shuxiu × Yuchun, the larve-pupal survival rate and the cocoon crop per 10000 four-instar silkworms of the formed new hybridized combination Shuxiu A ·Shuxiu B × Yuchun A · Yuchun B significantly increased by 5.89 percentage points and 11.26%, respectively, and it had better silk traits such as reelability percentage, clean and raw silk weight per 10000 four-instar silkworms.【Conclusion】Under the premise of maintaining the comprehensive economic characteristics of the original variety, targeted selection of healthiness and cocoon shell rate can achieve new strains with better single trait. Due to complementary economic traits of the new strains, the new hybridized combination performs the excellent traits of growing and developing quickly, healthy and easy to raise, fewer sick and weak silkworms, high individual survival rate, high cocoon production, and excellent cocoon silk quality. The targeted selection method is suitable for the cultivation of new strains with superior single trait of the parents of hybrid of single cross combinations of silkworms, which can provide excellent germplasm resource for forming new hybridized combinations with high production performance.更多还原