【摘要】 针对现有的作业效能评估方法易受个体体能和肌力差异的影响，缺少客观、稳定的评价指标的问题，围绕可用于着装人员作业效能评估的服装阻力矩指标进行了综述。首先，对现有的两类作业效能测评方法进行汇总，分析了不同方法的现状与困境。其次，从服装的质量及结构设计、材料的力学特征等方面梳理了服装阻力矩的成因。最后，从人体骨肌力学仿真和人员作业效能预测两方面探讨了服装阻力矩在作业效能评估中的应用。分析认为，服装阻力矩与作业效能评估指标间存在紧密联系，可弥补现有方法的不足，然而目前的两类阻力矩测评方法在实际应用和有效性层面存在局限，且其在作业效能中的应用尚未形成体系。未来研究的方向可从以下角度考虑：构建服装的阻力矩与设计要素间的数学关系，量化指导服装工效性能的优化；从模拟真人体表力学特性的角度改善服装阻力矩测评装置；基于阻力矩挖掘防护服装与人员作业效能间的定量关系，从而通过引入服装阻力矩，建立完善的作业效能评估体系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Significance Protective clothing is used to resist the threat of external flames, ammunition and other threats. However, the bulkiness of the protective clothing will hinder wearer’s mobility and hence performance. The existing evaluation methods for human performance and ability are vulnerable to individual differences in physical fitness and muscle strength, and there is a lack of objective and stable evaluation indicators. Clothing resistance moment refers to the hindrance of clothing to human joint movement, relevant research of which has made remarkable progress. This paper reviews and analyzes the existing evaluation methods and their shortcomings, as well as discusses the influencing factors and applications of clothing resistance moment in research of human performance and ability. Progress At present, collecting job progress and physiological load index when performing simulated job tasks are the most common evaluation methods for human performance and ability. Job progress and difficulty evaluation are a direct evaluation method for the job itself. Physiological load assessment reflects a person’s ability to continue working and potential occupational health risks. The clothing resistance moment is connected with each evaluation metrics. It is mainly affected by the mechanical properties of material, the weight, looseness and detailed structure of clothing. Previous research in functional clothing has led to two types of measurement methods for clothing resistance moment, namely the calculation method based on contact force and measurement method based on the use of equipment. The former uses mechanical sensors or simulation software to measure the contact force between the wearer and clothing, and then convert it to resistance moment, and this method is widely used in tight and stiff clothing. The latter uses test equipment that simulates human activity to measure the clothing resistance moment directly. There are two types of clothing resistance moment test equipment, one is dummy/hand test device and the other is a single joint test device. The dummy device could only test one single size garment, but simulate the contact process between human and clothing. The single joint test device could match various sizes of protective clothing, but the results can only represent the torque required to bend the joint of garment through external forces in an unmanned state. Some studies established the coupling model of human body and clothing to predict the muscle force based on reverse dynamics simulation. Researchers also used clothing resistance moment to predict personnel performance based on statistical analysis.Conclusion and Prospect At present, due to the limitations of evaluation methods and numerous factors of clothing affecting human performance and ability, the current research is still in the qualitatively exploratory stage. In order to build a stable and reliable evaluation method, further research orientations are proposed. Firstly, clothing resistance moment is a physical clothing characteristic parameter and closely related to all indicators of human performance and ability. Therefore, it can be used as a representative index of clothing mobility for unified judgment of human performance and ability. Secondly, the existing research on the impact of protective clothing are limited to the discussion of a single variable, hence lacking in analysis of the comprehensive effect of multiple factors. As a numerical intermediate variable, the clothing resistance moment can quantitatively guide the ergonomic performance design of protective clothing from the perspective of reducing the resistance moment. Thirdly, it is necessary to put forward more accurate and operable evaluation methods for clothing resistance moment. As for the contact force based calculation method, soft matrix pressure sensors can be considered for measuring distribution of pressure. Regarding the device based measurement method, the compression and friction characteristics of human skin should be simulated to optimize the existing measurement dummies. Finally, due to different experimental conditions and subjects set up in research, it is difficult to quantitatively estimate the influence of protective clothing on job effectiveness. The application of nonlinear models or other empirical formulas and statistical methods can be explored in the prediction of physical exertion or fatigue, so as to avoid the influence of individual differences on the prediction accuracy. Musculoskeletal model with the clothing resistance moment as the external load can also be constructed to analyze the dynamic response of wearers.更多还原