【摘要】 近年来，水系锌离子电池因具有高理论比容量、高安全性、低成本和环境友好等优点，在大规模储能领域展现出了广阔的应用前景。然而，水系锌离子电池在实际应用中仍面临一些挑战，如锌枝晶生长、析氢反应和锌腐蚀等副反应的发生。电解液添加剂被认为是解决上述问题的有效策略之一。碳化聚合物点（CPDs）表面具有丰富的亲锌官能团，可有效调控Zn²⁺的溶剂化结构，降低水分子的活性，从而抑制锌枝晶生长和副反应的发生。然而，不同官能团含量的CPDs对水系电解液电化学性能的构效关系尚待阐明。本工作以柠檬酸和尿素为前驱体，设计合成了CPDs作为水系电解液添加剂。同时，通过调整柠檬酸和尿素的投料比，进一步优化CPDs的结构，从而探究出最佳的反应物物质的量比。最佳物质的量比合成的CPDs的电解液展现出了优异的电化学性能，其Zn//Zn对称电池在电流密度为2 m A?cm^–2，容量为1 m Ah?cm^–2的条件下可稳定循环615 h。该工作拓宽了CPDs的实际应用范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aqueous zinc ion batteries（AZIBs） are considered to be one of the most promising energy storage devices due to the advantages of high cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, they suffer from problems such as Zn dendrites growth and by-product generation. Carbonized polymer dots（CPDs） with polar groups as additive have been introduced to modulate the solvated structure of Zn²⁺and reduce the water activity, promoting the uniform deposition of Zn and inhibiting the occurrence of side reactions. However, CPDs with different functional group contents from different precursor molar ratios variably affect the electrochemical performance of aqueous electrolytes. Therefore, in this work, we designed and synthesized CPDs with different molar ratios of the precursors（citric acid and urea） as electrolyte additives for AZIBs and explore the optimal molar ratios of the precursors. The Zn//Zn symmetrical cells using electrolytes with the optimal ratios CPDs achieve an extended cycle life over 615 h at 2 mA?cm^-2and 1 mAh?cm^-2. This work offers great potential for future practical applications of CPDs.更多还原