【摘要】 以碳酸氢钠、碳酸钠与硫酸铝的双水解反应为例，设计了基于微距镜头的系列可视化微型实验。结果表明，在微距镜头下可以清晰观察到2种钠盐溶解速率的差异，反应物的物理状态会显著影响水解反应过程。其中，“固固”型溶解反应更适合观察2种钠盐的溶解行为及双水解反应的动态变化；“固液”型反应较为剧烈，更易体现出碳酸氢钠的水解反应比碳酸钠快；“液液”型反应产生的沉淀更均匀。3种类型的反应都能观察到碳酸钠发生双水解反应时先产生沉淀后产生气体的过程，而碳酸氢钠则表现为沉淀和气体同时产生。改进后的实验具有可视化、微型化、对比性强等特点。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,a series of visualized micro experiments based on a macro lens were designed as an example of the double hydrolysis reaction between sodium bicarbonate,sodium carbonate,and aluminum sulfate.The results show that the difference in dissolution rates between the two sodium salts can be clearly observed under the macro lens,and the physical state of the reactants significantly affects their hydrolysis reactions.The “solid-solid” reaction is more suitable for observing the dissolution behavior of the two sodium salts and the dynamic process of their double hydrolysis reaction;the “solid-liquid” reaction is more intense,making it easier to compare and reflect that the hydrolysis reaction of sodium bicarbonate is faster than that of sodium carbonate;the “liquid-liquid” reaction produces a more homogeneous precipitate.In all three types of reactions,the formation of precipitate followed by gas evolution can be observed during the double hydrolysis of sodium carbonate,whereas sodium bicarbonate produces precipitate and gas simultaneously.The improved experiment is characterized by visualization,miniaturization,and strong comparability.更多还原