【摘要】 冷冻干燥技术是一种通过冷冻和真空脱水的过程将溶液或悬浮液中的水分去除的方法，以保持样品的稳定性并延长其保存时间。冻干技术在食品、生物制药、临床检验、化工等行业领域的应用较为广泛，在法医学领域的应用则刚起步。聚合酶链式反应（Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR）及其衍生检测技术是目前广泛应用的法医DNA检测方法，但PCR试剂需低温保存和运输。近年来法医学者开始将冻干技术应用于PCR扩增试剂中，以解决PCR试剂的运输和储存难题。本文主要阐述了PCR冻干技术的研究历程、体系和工艺，比较其与传统PCR试剂的优劣势，并由此介绍近年来PCR冻干试剂在法医学的应用优势及挑战，以期促进PCR冻干技术在法医遗传学方面的应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Freeze-drying technique, also known as lyophilization, is a process of removing moisture from a solution or suspension through freezing and vacuum dehydration to maintain the stability of the samples and prolong their shelf life. Freeze-drying technology has been widely used in food, pharmaceutical, clinical testing, chemical and other fields but its application in the field of forensic medicine has just started. Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and its derivative detection technologies are widely used in forensic DNA detection, but PCR reagents need to be stored and transported at low temperature. In recent years, forensic scientists have begun applying freeze-drying technology to PCR amplification reagents to solve the transportation and storage problems of PCR reagents. In order to promote the application of PCR freeze-drying technology in forensic genetics,this paper mainly expounds the research course, system and process of PCR freeze-drying technology, compares the advantages and disadvantages of PCR reagents with traditional PCR reagents, and introduces the advantages and challenges of PCR freeze-drying reagents in forensic medicine.更多还原