【摘要】 在高压输变电系统中，W-Cu电接触合金需承受高温电弧烧蚀、SF6气体冲蚀及机械磨损的复合环境，亟需兼具高导电、强韧性与耐腐蚀特性。系统综述了化学镀、熔渗法、放电等离子烧结、机械合金化及微波烧结等制备技术的微观结构调控机制，论述不同工艺对W/Cu界面结合特性的影响规律；重点剖析了金属颗粒、陶瓷相及纤维增强体通过细晶强化、第二相强化等机制提升合金抗电弧侵蚀性能的作用效果，总结增强相形态分布与界面反应对材料综合性能的协同调控机制。当前研究表明，多元复合增强体系可有效缓解导电-力学性能倒置矛盾，其中纳米双相增强微波烧结材料硬度提升时仍保持高的导电率。未来应着力开发核壳结构纳米增强体、外场辅助烧结技术、机器学习设计平台及全寿命性能评估体系，以突破导电-强度协同优化难题。随着多学科交叉融合，W-Cu合金将为智能电网与极端环境电器提供新一代高性能接触材料解决方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 In high-voltage power transmission systems, W-Cu electrical contact alloys are subjected to complex environments involving high-temperature arc ablation, SF6 gas erosion, and mechanical wear, necessitating a combination of high conductivity, strength-toughness, and corrosion resistance. This paper systematically reviews the microstructure regulation mechanisms of preparation technologies such as electroless plating, melt infiltration, spark plasma sintering(SPS), mechanical alloying, and microwave sintering, and discusses the influence of different processes on the interfacial bonding characteristics of W/Cu. The study comprehensively analyzes The effects of metal particles, ceramic phases, and fiber reinforcements in enhancing arc erosion resistance through mechanisms such as grain refinement strengthening and second-phase strengthening, while summarizing the synergistic regulation mechanisms of reinforcement phase morphology distribution and interfacial reactions on the material’s overall performance. Current research demonstrates that multicomponent composite reinforcement systems effectively mitigate the conductivity-mechanical property trade-off. For instance, microwave-sintered materials with nano dualphase reinforcement maintain high electrical conductivity even under significant hardness improvement. Future efforts should focus on developing core-shell structured nano-reinforcements, external field-assisted sintering technologies, machine learning design platforms, and full-lifecycle performance evaluation systems to address the challenge of conductivity-strength synergy. With the integration of multidisciplinary approaches, W-Cu alloys are expected to deliver next-generation high-performance contact material solutions for smart grids and extreme-environment electrical devices.更多还原