【摘要】 借用“希尔伯特之问”的理论隐喻，聚焦刑事证据法这一法学领域中兼具逻辑复杂性与价值冲突性的分支，围绕其基础性命题展开系统性研究。首先，回溯刑事证据法的理论根基与演变轨迹，剖析认识论与价值论双重维度下的哲学困境，对比西方从“证明性”到“可采性”的范式转型与我国“辩证融合”的发展特征。其次，进而深入解构刑事证据法的三重内在悖论，即客观真实与程序正义、统一规则与自由裁量、知识论与价值论的张力，并分析我国“动态平衡”“印证证明”等应对策略的实践逻辑。随后，从证据规则程序化、阶层性证明思维构建、法定证据种类差异化规制三个维度，探索制度建构与程序实现路径。最后，结合科技变革、证明标准差异化、全球化与本土化融合趋势，展望刑事证据法未来走向，并对其“希尔伯特之问”作出解答，提出通过理性规则建构平衡多元价值、协调规则与裁量、统一知识与价值，为刑事证据法现代化转型提供理论支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drawing on the theoretical metaphor of "Hilbert’s Problems", this paper conducts a systematic inquiry into the foundational propositions of the criminal evidence law, a branch of law marked by profound logical complexity and inherent value conflicts. This analysis commences by tracing the theoretical foundation and historical evolution of the criminal evidence law, dissecting the philosophical dilemmas arising from both dimensions of epistemology and axiology. This paper then contrasts the Western paradigm shift from "probative value" to "admissibility" with China’s distinctive commitment to "dialectical integration". This paper then proceeds to deconstruct the three inherent paradoxes of the criminal evidence law: namely the tension between objective truth and procedural justice, between uniform rules and judicial discretion, as well as between epistemology and axiology. It further examines the practical rationales underling China’s strategies employed in response, such as the pursuit of "dynamic balance" and the reliance of "corroborative proof". Subsequently, this paper explores the pathways for institutional construction and procedural implementation through three dimensions: the proceduralization of evidence rules, the establishment of a layered mode of proof, and the differentiated regulation of statutory categories of evidence. Concluding with a forward-looking perspective informed by technological evolution, the increasing differentiation of proof standard, and the converging dynamics of globalization and localization, this paper offers an answer to the "Hilbert’s Problems" by arguing that the modernization of the criminal evidence law hinges upon the rational construction of rules that could effectively harmonize pluralistic values, reconcile rule-based governance with judicial discretion, and integrate epistemological knowledge with axiology.更多还原