【摘要】 关于“约定受贿”犯罪形态的认定，存在既遂论、未遂论抑或预备论的争议。应当在“三个效果相统一”司法理念指导下选择最优方案。在法律效果层面，既遂论存在冲击罪刑法定原则的风险，而未遂论所倚重的诸多着手学说存在根基性疑问。“中间行为理论”可以为预备论提供坚实支撑。约定行为与受贿罪构成要件实现之间，尚存在行贿人给付及受贿人接收等不可跨越的重要中间步骤，也缺乏紧密的时间关联性，故约定受贿属于尚未着手，仍处预备阶段。同时，预备论在刑罚结构上具备显著的梯度性优势，通过三种形态的划分，使其惩罚力度能够精准匹配约定受贿复杂多变的情状及其对应的法益侵害程度与危险层级，实现罪责刑相适应。在社会效果层面，预备论有助于降低社会治理成本，优化反腐资源配置，契合公众对正义的实质感知。在政治效果层面，通过构建层次分明的责任梯度与威慑体系，预备论有利于维护治理弹性和公职队伍稳定，增强体制内在凝聚力，最终达致政治效果与法律效果、社会效果的有机统一。在约定款物代持、整体约定部分支取以及书面约定等具体案件类型中，可以通过预备论得到融贯一致的妥当处理。更多还原

【Abstract】 There is controversy over whether the criminal form of “agreed bribery” should be determined as accomplished offense, attempted offense, or preparatory offense. The optimal solution should be selected under the guidance of the judicial concept of “unification of the three effects”(legal effect, social effect, and political effect). In terms of legal effect, the accomplished offense theory risks undermining the principle of legality, while the various doctrines of commencement of a crime relied on by the attempted offense theory have fundamental doubts. The “intermediate act theory” can provide solid support for the preparatory offense theory. At the same time, the preparatory offense theory has a significant gradient advantage in the penalty structure, which can accurately match the complex and changeable circumstances of agreed bribery, as well as the corresponding degree of legal interest infringement and risk level, thereby realizing the compatibility of crime, responsibility and punishment. In terms of social effect, the preparatory offense theory helps reduce social governance costs, optimize the allocation of anti-corruption resources, and conform to the public’s substantive perception of justice. In terms of political effect, by constructing a hierarchical responsibility gradient and deterrence system, the preparatory offense theory is conducive to maintaining governance flexibility and the stability of the public service team, enhancing the internal cohesion of the system, and ultimately achieving the organic unification of political effect, legal effect, and social effect. For specific case types such as agreed holding of bribes in trust, agreed partial withdrawal of the whole amount, and written agreement, consistent and appropriate handling can be achieved through the preparatory offense theory.更多还原