【摘要】 不明毒害物质的快速检测是遂行防化保障任务、开展化学事故应急救援及处置化学恐怖活动的亟需，对于获取复杂现场环境的有害化学信息尤为关键。表面增强拉曼散射（Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering, SERS）有别于常规拉曼光谱技术，其利用特殊的活性基底，通过电磁增强或化学增强，可实现痕量物质的高灵敏检测。本文在概述SERS技术基本原理的基础上，综述了其代表性活性基底的制备方法和检测效果，以及SERS用于检测毒剂、爆炸物及易燃易爆品、有毒工业化学品、生物毒素等毒害物质的研究现状，并针对目前发展过程中出现的问题，提出今后SERS应优化和改进的研究重点，为发展新型SERS毒害物质检测装备提供思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rapid detection of unknown toxic substances is crucial for executing chemical defense support missions, chemical accident emergency rescue, and emergency response to chemical terrorist activities. It is particularly vital for obtaining chemical information in complex field environments. Surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) differs from conventional Raman spectroscopy techniques. By utilizing specialized active substrates and the mechanism of electromagnetic or chemical enhancement, SERS enables highly sensitive detection of trace substances. This article reviewed the fundamental principles of SERS technology, the preparation methods and detection efficacy of representative active substrates, and the current research status of SERS in detecting toxic substances such as chemical agents, explosives, flammable and explosive materials, toxic industrial chemicals and biotoxins. Additionally, it addressed the challenges encountered during its development and proposed future research priorities for optimizing and improving SERS. The aim was to provide insights for the development of new SERS-based equipment for toxic substance detection.更多还原