【摘要】 二氧化硅（SiO₂）气凝胶复合材料具有优越的隔热保温性能和防火阻燃性能，在建筑墙体外保温领域有着广阔应用前景。采用平板法试验研究了玻璃纤维增强型SiO₂气凝胶复合材料导热系数随温度变化的规律，基于有效导热系数，利用EnergyPlus软件模拟研究了SiO₂气凝胶复合材料外保温下在寒冷地区被动式超低能耗居住建筑全年冷热负荷的变化及节能效果，分析了不同墙体基材下SiO₂气凝胶复合保温材料的最小厚度，最后探究了SiO₂气凝胶复合保温材料在严寒地区、寒冷地区和夏热冬冷地区3种气候条件下的建筑节能效果。结果表明，室外环境温度瞬时变化对SiO₂气凝胶复合材料作为外保温的墙体隔热性能影响极小；与挤塑聚苯乙烯保温材料（XPS）相比，使用气凝胶复合材料的超低能耗建筑墙体厚度至少可减少50 mm;严寒地区建筑应用SiO₂气凝胶复合保温材料的节能效果最好，夏热冬冷地区建筑不建议采用气凝胶复合保温材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 SiO₂ aerogel composites have superior thermal insulation and fire retardant properties, and a broad application prospect in the field of external insulation of building walls. The change of thermal conductivity with temperature of glass fiber reinforced SiO₂ aerogel composite material is studied by the guarded hot plate method. Based on the effective thermal conductivity, the change of annual cold and heat load and energy saving effect of passive ultra-low energy residential buildings in cold regions under the external insulation of SiO₂ aerogel composite material is simulated and studied by EnergyPlus software, the minimum thickness of SiO₂ aerogel composite insulation material under different wall substrates is analyzed, and finally the energy saving effect of SiO₂ aerogel composite insulation material in buildings under three climatic conditions of severe cold regions, cold regions and hot summer and cold winter regions is explored. The results show that the transient change of outdoor ambient temperature has minimal effect on the thermal insulation performance of SiO₂ aerogel composites as external insulation; compared with extruded polystyrene insulation（XPS）, the wall thickness of ultra-low energy buildings using aerogel composites can be reduced by at least 50 mm; the energy-saving effect of applying SiO₂ aerogel composite insulation in buildings in severe cold regions is the best, and the aerogel composite insulation is not recommended for buildings in hot summer and cold winter regions.更多还原