【摘要】 在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思突破了西方哲学史上长期盛行的将劳动与精神生活相割裂的二元对立思维,开辟了劳动与精神生活共生的哲学叙事,具有重要的思想史价值。其一,马克思将劳动确立为人的类本质的前提是,将劳动理解为有意识、有目的的创造性活动,其所内含的“自由自觉”维度和“美的规律”打通了劳动与精神生活。其二,精神生活与劳动的共生性在资本主义私有制下体现为劳动与精神生活陷入双重异化和相互冲突的困境:工人在陷入异化劳动的同时,其精神生活权利被遮蔽并承受着精神苦难,资产者的精神生活也陷入拜金主义的物欲泥潭,这一困境的根本原因在于私有制使劳动沦为单纯的工具性谋生劳动。共产主义致力于实现对劳动异化与精神生活异化的共同扬弃,“富有的人”是对劳动和精神生活自由自觉维度的双重彰显,是马克思对劳动与精神生活共同解放的愿景的哲学构建。这启示我们美好生活的建构需要精神生活与劳动的和谐共生,在整体提升精神生活社会保障条件的前提下,需要警惕资本逻辑对精神生活的渗透,注重提升劳动中自由自觉的精神维度,实现物质生活与精神生活的共同富裕。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844,Marx broke through the longprevalent dualistic opposition in the history of Western philosophy that separated labor from spiritual life,and pioneered a philosophical narrative of the co-existence of labor and spiritual life,which holds significant value in the history of thought.First,Marx’s establishment of labor as the premise of human species-essence lies in his understanding of labor as a conscious and purposeful creative activity.Its inherent dimension of “free and conscious activity” and the “law of beauty” bridge the common ground between labor and spiritual life.Second,under capitalist private ownership,the coexistence of spiritual life and labor manifests as a dilemma of dual alienation and mutual conflict:while the worker’s spirit is alienated in labor,their right to spiritual life is obscured,and they endure spiritual suffering;the spiritual life of the bourgeoisie also sinks into the materialistic quagmire of mammonism.The root cause lies in how private ownership reduces labor to mere instrumental livelihood-sustaining activity.Communism,committed to the simultaneous abolition of both labor alienation and spiritual alienation,represents Marx’s philosophical construction of a vision for the joint liberation of labor and spiritual life.This insight informs us that the construction of a good life entails the harmonious co-existence of spiritual life and labor.Achieving common prosperity in spiritual life must involve enhancing the social security conditions for spiritual life across society while remaining vigilant against the infiltration of capital logic into spiritual life.It is also crucial to emphasize the elevation of the free and conscious spiritual dimension within labor,thereby realizing common prosperity in both material and spiritual life.更多还原