【摘要】 质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)中采用非贵金属催化剂替代传统Pt/C催化剂是降低系统成本的关键途径之一。提出了一种基于动态建模与仿真分析的系统优化策略，重点研究了采用非贵金属催化剂的PEMFC系统建模及其动态性能特性。以过氧比作为关键控制参数，基于MATLAB/Simulink平台构建了包含电堆电压模型和空压机子系统的综合模型体系，并整合了非贵金属催化剂的特性参数；通过实验验证了模型的准确性。仿真结果表明：(1)过氧比的波动会显著影响阴极侧压力分布及系统净功率输出；(2)针对非贵金属催化剂体系确定了最佳过氧比工作区间为2.2～2.75;(3)揭示了空压机能耗与系统净功率之间的优化平衡关系；(4)明确了催化剂氧气传输性能对PEMFC高效稳定运行的重要作用。为非贵金属催化剂在PEMFC中的实际应用提供了理论依据和技术支撑。更多还原

【Abstract】 The adoption of non-precious metal catalysts to replace conventional Pt/C catalysts is a key pathway for reducing system costs in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells(PEMFC). This study proposes a system optimization strategy based on dynamic modeling and simulation analysis, focusing on the modeling of PEMFC systems employing non-precious metal catalysts and their dynamic performance characteristics. Using the oxygen excess ratio as a key control parameter, a comprehensive model framework incorporating the stack voltage model and air compressor subsystem was developed on the MATLAB/Simulink platform, integrating the characteristic parameters of nonprecious metal catalysts. The model’s accuracy was validated experimentally. Simulation results demonstrate that:(1) Fluctuations in the oxygen excess ratio significantly impact the cathode-side pressure distribution and the system’s net power output.(2) An optimal operating range for the oxygen excess ratio of 2.25-2.75 was determined for the non-precious metal catalyst system.(3) The optimization balance between air compressor energy consumption and system net power was revealed.(4) The critical role of catalyst oxygen transport performance in ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the PEMFC was clarified. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the practical application of non-precious metal catalysts in PEMFC更多还原