【摘要】 针对目前高校测量导热系数常用的实验仪普遍存在空气散热导致实验结果误差、铂电阻温度传感器接线处接触不稳定和实验周期过长的问题，本文研制了一种建立在真空绝热环境下可同时测量物体导热系数和比热容的热学综合实验仪.实验在自主搭建的真空装置中进行，有效抑制了空气热对流.温度测量采用热电偶测温仪，相较于PT100传感器，消除了线路电阻导致的数据偏差；热通量控制由直流恒压加热源和恒温制冷装置协同实现，测量通过高精度电流表和电压表完成(傅里叶热传导理论中的dQ).该装置测得硅胶、铜和铝导热系数分别为0.1400、118.0、182.1 W/m·K左右，以及铜的比热容为0.347 J/(g·℃)左右，均处于材料标准值范围内，经评定测量结果的相对扩展不确定度(在95%置信区间内)分别为1.3%、0.25%、0.28%和3.74%,表明该装置在测量稳定性满足实验预期.更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional experimental setups used in university laboratories to measure the thermal conductivity and specific heat of materials often face issues such as errors from air convection, unstable connections with PT100 platinum resistance thermometers, and extended experimental durations. To address these limitations, a novel vacuum-insulated experimental apparatus is developed, enabling simultaneous measurement of thermal conductivity and specific heat under controlled conditions. By incorporating a vacuum system, the influence of air convection is effectively eliminated. Additionally, a thermocouple thermometer is employed to avoid data deviations caused by line resistance in PT100 sensors. The apparatus utilizes a constant direct current voltage for heating and cooling, allowing for direct measurement of electrical power(as represented by in Fourier’ s heat conduction theory). The device measured the thermal conductivity of silicone, copper, and aluminum to be approximately 0.1400,118.0,and 182.1 W/m·K,respectively, and the specific heat capacity of copper to be approximately 0.347 J/(g·℃),all within the standard values for these materials. The relative expanded uncertainties(within a 95% confidence interval) of the measurement results were assessed to be 1.3%,0.25%,0.28%,and 3.74%,respectively, indicating good stability in the measurement results obtained by this device.更多还原